From 6142e47e712089b7aef17c808eb08d4ec07690d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nexoniarz Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 09:14:58 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] Struct defaults apply inside structs; exit() ends an or-block; 1e9 literals; x * 2.0 stays f32; floats print as the shortest exact text; str(x, digits) Also frees main's args and the message of a failing main (valgrind was not clean on two tests). Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 --- runtime/finch_rt.c | 57 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++- src/embedded.fch | 2 +- src/gen.fch | 68 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--- src/lexer.fch | 22 +++++++++++ tests/new/defaults_numbers.fch | 43 +++++++++++++++++++++ tests/new/defaults_numbers.out | 5 +++ tests/new/exit_or.fch | 12 ++++++ tests/new/exit_or.out | 1 + tests/new/fail/after_exit.fch | 5 +++ tests/run/modules.out | 2 +- 10 files changed, 207 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) create mode 100644 tests/new/defaults_numbers.fch create mode 100644 tests/new/defaults_numbers.out create mode 100644 tests/new/exit_or.fch create mode 100644 tests/new/exit_or.out create mode 100644 tests/new/fail/after_exit.fch diff --git a/runtime/finch_rt.c b/runtime/finch_rt.c index d825f64..99b2f7f 100644 --- a/runtime/finch_rt.c +++ b/runtime/finch_rt.c @@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ #include #include +#include #include #include #include @@ -153,12 +154,50 @@ void finch_str_from_uint(FStr *out, uint64_t v) { str_heap(out, buf, n); } +// The shortest text that reads back as the same number (as an f32 when `single`): +// 0.1 -> "0.1", 1.0/3 -> "0.3333333333333333", 1e8 -> "100000000", 1e20 -> "1e+20". +static int fmt_float(char *buf, size_t size, double v, int single) { + if (isnan(v)) return snprintf(buf, size, "nan"); + if (isinf(v)) return snprintf(buf, size, v < 0 ? "-inf" : "inf"); + int p = 1; + for (; p < 17; p++) { + snprintf(buf, size, "%.*e", p - 1, v); + double back = strtod(buf, NULL); + if (single ? (float)back == (float)v : back == v) break; + } + int exp = atoi(strchr(buf, 'e') + 1); + if (exp < -5 || exp >= 17) return snprintf(buf, size, "%.*g", p, v); + int decimals = p - 1 - exp; + return snprintf(buf, size, "%.*f", decimals > 0 ? decimals : 0, v); +} + void finch_str_from_float(FStr *out, double v) { char buf[64]; - int n = snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%g", v); + int n = fmt_float(buf, sizeof buf, v, 0); str_heap(out, buf, n); } +void finch_str_from_f32(FStr *out, double v) { + char buf[64]; + int n = fmt_float(buf, sizeof buf, v, 1); + str_heap(out, buf, n); +} + +// str(x, 2): a fixed number of digits after the point +void finch_str_fixed(FStr *out, double v, int64_t digits) { + char buf[400]; + if (digits < 0) digits = 0; + if (digits > 60) digits = 60; + int n = snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%.*f", (int)digits, v); + str_heap(out, buf, n); +} + +void finch_print_float(double v, int32_t single) { + char buf[64]; + fmt_float(buf, sizeof buf, v, single); + fputs(buf, stdout); +} + void finch_str_from_char(FStr *out, char c) { str_heap(out, &c, 1); } void finch_str_from_bool(FStr *out, int b) { str_static(out, b ? "true" : "false"); } @@ -242,6 +281,7 @@ static void file_error(FStr *err, const char *what, const FStr *path) { void finch_report_error(const FStr *msg) { fflush(stdout); fprintf(stderr, "error: %.*s\n", (int)msg->len, msg->ptr ? msg->ptr : ""); + finch_str_drop((FStr *)msg); } void finch_str_sub(FStr *out, const FStr *s, int64_t start, int64_t end, const char *file, int64_t line) { @@ -399,7 +439,14 @@ static void buf_fmt(FStr *b, const char *fmt, ...) { void finch_buf_int(FStr *b, int64_t v) { buf_fmt(b, "%lld", (long long)v); } void finch_buf_uint(FStr *b, uint64_t v) { buf_fmt(b, "%llu", (unsigned long long)v); } -void finch_buf_float(FStr *b, double v) { buf_fmt(b, "%g", v); } +void finch_buf_float(FStr *b, double v) { + char t[64]; + finch_buf_add(b, t, fmt_float(t, sizeof t, v, 0)); +} +void finch_buf_f32(FStr *b, double v) { + char t[64]; + finch_buf_add(b, t, fmt_float(t, sizeof t, v, 1)); +} void finch_buf_bool(FStr *b, int v) { finch_buf_add(b, v ? "true" : "false", v ? 4 : 5); } void finch_buf_ptr(FStr *b, const void *p) { if (p) buf_fmt(b, "0x%llx", (unsigned long long)(uintptr_t)p); @@ -498,6 +545,12 @@ void finch_args(FArr *out, int argc, char **argv) { for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) str_heap((FStr *)out->ptr + i, argv[i], (int64_t)strlen(argv[i])); } +// after main: the arguments go +void finch_args_free(FArr *a) { + for (int64_t i = 0; i < a->len; i++) finch_str_drop((FStr *)a->ptr + i); + finch_arr_free(a); +} + // input("Name? ") prints the prompt and reads one line, without the newline. void finch_input(FStr *out, const FStr *prompt) { if (prompt->len) fwrite(prompt->ptr, 1, (size_t)prompt->len, stdout); diff --git a/src/embedded.fch b/src/embedded.fch index 15ef247..6f332ae 100644 --- a/src/embedded.fch +++ b/src/embedded.fch @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ fn names() -> []str { fn texts() -> []str { []str list - list.push("// The Finch runtime: string and array helpers, input, files and runtime errors.\n// It is embedded in the compiler, compiled once into a cache folder, and linked\n// statically into every Finch program. Everything here is plain C with no state.\n//\n// Layout shared with the compiler (src/codegen.cpp):\n// str = { char *ptr; int64 len; int64 cap } ptr is always NUL-terminated\n// cap > 0 : heap memory owned by the value (cap bytes allocated)\n// cap == 0 : a string literal, valid forever, never written to\n// cap == -1: borrowed from C, must be copied before it is kept\n// []T = { T *ptr; int64 len; int64 cap } owns ptr when cap > 0\n// map[K]V: see \"maps\" below\n\n#include \n#include \n#include \n#include \n#include \n#include \n#include \n#ifndef _WIN32\n#include \n#endif\n\ntypedef struct {\n char *ptr;\n int64_t len;\n int64_t cap;\n} FStr;\n\ntypedef struct {\n void *ptr;\n int64_t len;\n int64_t cap;\n} FArr;\n\nstatic char empty[1] = \"\";\n\n// ---------- runtime errors ----------\n\n// A program that loads Finch libraries (finch build --shared) can take runtime errors over\n// instead of the process exiting: finch_module_on_fatal(handler) in each library. The handler\n// gets the message and must not return (longjmp out, or exit itself).\nstatic void (*fatal_hook)(const char *msg);\nvoid finch_on_fatal(void (*hook)(const char *msg)) { fatal_hook = hook; }\n\nstatic __attribute__((noreturn)) void fatal(const char *msg) {\n if (fatal_hook) fatal_hook(msg);\n fflush(stdout);\n fprintf(stderr, \"%s\\n\", msg);\n exit(1);\n}\n\n__attribute__((noreturn, cold)) void finch_panic(const char *file, int64_t line, const char *msg) {\n char full[1024];\n snprintf(full, sizeof full, \"%s:%lld: runtime error: %s\", file, (long long)line, msg);\n fflush(stdout);\n fatal(full);\n}\n\n__attribute__((noreturn, cold)) void finch_panic_index(const char *file, int64_t line, int64_t i, int64_t len) {\n char msg[128];\n snprintf(msg, sizeof msg, \"index %lld is out of range (the length is %lld)\", (long long)i, (long long)len);\n finch_panic(file, line, msg);\n}\n\nstatic void *must(void *p) {\n if (!p) {\n fflush(stdout);\n fatal(\"runtime error: out of memory\");\n }\n return p;\n}\n\nvoid *finch_alloc(int64_t n) { return must(malloc(n ? (size_t)n : 1)); }\nvoid *finch_zalloc(int64_t n) { return must(calloc(1, n ? (size_t)n : 1)); }\n\n// ---------- strings ----------\n\nstatic void str_heap(FStr *out, const char *p, int64_t len) {\n char *m = finch_alloc(len + 1);\n if (len) memcpy(m, p, (size_t)len);\n m[len] = 0;\n out->ptr = m;\n out->len = len;\n out->cap = len + 1;\n}\n\nstatic void str_static(FStr *out, const char *lit) {\n out->ptr = (char *)lit;\n out->len = (int64_t)strlen(lit);\n out->cap = 0;\n}\n\n// A copy that can be kept: literals are shared, everything else is duplicated.\nvoid finch_str_copy(FStr *out, const FStr *s) {\n if (s->cap == 0) *out = *s;\n else str_heap(out, s->ptr, s->len);\n}\n\n// Make `s` writable (before s[i] = c).\nvoid finch_str_own(FStr *s) {\n if (s->cap > 0) return;\n FStr t;\n str_heap(&t, s->ptr, s->len);\n *s = t;\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_drop(FStr *s) {\n if (s->cap > 0) free(s->ptr);\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_from_c(FStr *out, const char *p) {\n if (!p) {\n str_static(out, empty);\n return;\n }\n out->ptr = (char *)p;\n out->len = (int64_t)strlen(p);\n out->cap = -1;\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_concat(FStr *out, const FStr *a, const FStr *b) {\n int64_t len = a->len + b->len;\n char *m = finch_alloc(len + 1);\n memcpy(m, a->ptr, (size_t)a->len);\n memcpy(m + a->len, b->ptr, (size_t)b->len);\n m[len] = 0;\n out->ptr = m;\n out->len = len;\n out->cap = len + 1;\n}\n\nint finch_str_eq(const FStr *a, const FStr *b) {\n return a->len == b->len && memcmp(a->ptr, b->ptr, (size_t)a->len) == 0;\n}\n\nint64_t finch_str_cmp(const FStr *a, const FStr *b) {\n int64_t n = a->len < b->len ? a->len : b->len;\n int c = memcmp(a->ptr, b->ptr, (size_t)n);\n if (c) return c < 0 ? -1 : 1;\n return a->len < b->len ? -1 : a->len > b->len;\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_from_int(FStr *out, int64_t v) {\n char buf[32];\n int n = snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, \"%lld\", (long long)v);\n str_heap(out, buf, n);\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_from_uint(FStr *out, uint64_t v) {\n char buf[32];\n int n = snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, \"%llu\", (unsigned long long)v);\n str_heap(out, buf, n);\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_from_float(FStr *out, double v) {\n char buf[64];\n int n = snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, \"%g\", v);\n str_heap(out, buf, n);\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_from_char(FStr *out, char c) { str_heap(out, &c, 1); }\n\nvoid finch_str_from_bool(FStr *out, int b) { str_static(out, b ? \"true\" : \"false\"); }\n\nstatic void number_error(char *msg, size_t size, const FStr *s, const char *kind) {\n snprintf(msg, size, \"can't turn \\\"%.*s\\\" into %s\", (int)(s->len > 100 ? 100 : s->len), s->ptr ? s->ptr : \"\", kind);\n}\n\nstatic int parse_int(const FStr *s, int64_t *out) {\n const char *p = s->ptr ? s->ptr : \"\";\n while (isspace((unsigned char)*p)) p++;\n char *end;\n errno = 0;\n long long v = strtoll(p, &end, 10);\n while (isspace((unsigned char)*end)) end++;\n *out = v;\n return !(end == p || *end || errno == ERANGE);\n}\n\nstatic int parse_float(const FStr *s, double *out) {\n const char *p = s->ptr ? s->ptr : \"\";\n while (isspace((unsigned char)*p)) p++;\n char *end;\n double v = strtod(p, &end);\n while (isspace((unsigned char)*end)) end++;\n *out = v;\n return !(end == p || *end);\n}\n\nint64_t finch_str_to_int(const FStr *s, const char *file, int64_t line) {\n int64_t v;\n if (!parse_int(s, &v)) {\n char msg[200];\n number_error(msg, sizeof msg, s, \"int\");\n finch_panic(file, line, msg);\n }\n return v;\n}\n\ndouble finch_str_to_float(const FStr *s, const char *file, int64_t line) {\n double v;\n if (!parse_float(s, &v)) {\n char msg[200];\n number_error(msg, sizeof msg, s, \"float\");\n finch_panic(file, line, msg);\n }\n return v;\n}\n\n// ---------- errors as values: int(s) or 0, try read_file(p) ... ----------\n// Each gives back 1 on success; on failure 0, with the message in *err.\n\nstatic void set_error(FStr *err, const char *msg) { str_heap(err, msg, (int64_t)strlen(msg)); }\n\nint finch_str_try_int(const FStr *s, int64_t *out, FStr *err) {\n if (parse_int(s, out)) return 1;\n char msg[200];\n number_error(msg, sizeof msg, s, \"int\");\n set_error(err, msg);\n *out = 0;\n return 0;\n}\n\nint finch_str_try_float(const FStr *s, double *out, FStr *err) {\n if (parse_float(s, out)) return 1;\n char msg[200];\n number_error(msg, sizeof msg, s, \"float\");\n set_error(err, msg);\n *out = 0;\n return 0;\n}\n\nstatic void file_error(FStr *err, const char *what, const FStr *path) {\n char msg[300];\n snprintf(msg, sizeof msg, \"can't %s the file \\\"%.*s\\\": %s\", what, (int)(path->len > 200 ? 200 : path->len),\n path->ptr ? path->ptr : \"\", strerror(errno));\n set_error(err, msg);\n}\n\n// when `fn main() -> !` fails\nvoid finch_report_error(const FStr *msg) {\n fflush(stdout);\n fprintf(stderr, \"error: %.*s\\n\", (int)msg->len, msg->ptr ? msg->ptr : \"\");\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_sub(FStr *out, const FStr *s, int64_t start, int64_t end, const char *file, int64_t line) {\n if (start < 0 || end > s->len || start > end) {\n char msg[160];\n snprintf(msg, sizeof msg, \"sub(%lld, %lld) is out of range (the length is %lld)\", (long long)start,\n (long long)end, (long long)s->len);\n finch_panic(file, line, msg);\n }\n str_heap(out, s->ptr + start, end - start);\n}\n\nint64_t finch_str_find(const FStr *s, const FStr *t) {\n if (t->len == 0) return 0;\n for (int64_t i = 0; i + t->len <= s->len; i++)\n if (s->ptr[i] == t->ptr[0] && memcmp(s->ptr + i, t->ptr, (size_t)t->len) == 0) return i;\n return -1;\n}\n\nint finch_str_starts(const FStr *s, const FStr *t) {\n return t->len <= s->len && memcmp(s->ptr, t->ptr, (size_t)t->len) == 0;\n}\n\nint finch_str_ends(const FStr *s, const FStr *t) {\n return t->len <= s->len && memcmp(s->ptr + s->len - t->len, t->ptr, (size_t)t->len) == 0;\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_trim(FStr *out, const FStr *s) {\n int64_t a = 0, b = s->len;\n while (a < b && isspace((unsigned char)s->ptr[a])) a++;\n while (b > a && isspace((unsigned char)s->ptr[b - 1])) b--;\n str_heap(out, s->ptr + a, b - a);\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_upper(FStr *out, const FStr *s) {\n str_heap(out, s->ptr, s->len);\n for (int64_t i = 0; i < out->len; i++) out->ptr[i] = (char)toupper((unsigned char)out->ptr[i]);\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_lower(FStr *out, const FStr *s) {\n str_heap(out, s->ptr, s->len);\n for (int64_t i = 0; i < out->len; i++) out->ptr[i] = (char)tolower((unsigned char)out->ptr[i]);\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_replace(FStr *out, const FStr *s, const FStr *from, const FStr *to) {\n if (from->len == 0) {\n str_heap(out, s->ptr, s->len);\n return;\n }\n int64_t count = 0;\n for (int64_t i = 0; i + from->len <= s->len;) {\n if (memcmp(s->ptr + i, from->ptr, (size_t)from->len) == 0) {\n count++;\n i += from->len;\n } else {\n i++;\n }\n }\n int64_t len = s->len + count * (to->len - from->len);\n char *m = finch_alloc(len + 1), *w = m;\n for (int64_t i = 0; i < s->len;) {\n if (i + from->len <= s->len && memcmp(s->ptr + i, from->ptr, (size_t)from->len) == 0) {\n memcpy(w, to->ptr, (size_t)to->len);\n w += to->len;\n i += from->len;\n } else {\n *w++ = s->ptr[i++];\n }\n }\n *w = 0;\n out->ptr = m;\n out->len = len;\n out->cap = len + 1;\n}\n\nstatic void arr_push_str(FArr *a, const char *p, int64_t len);\n\n// \"a,b,,c\".split(\",\") -> [\"a\", \"b\", \"\", \"c\"]; split(\"\") gives single characters.\nvoid finch_str_split(FArr *out, const FStr *s, const FStr *sep) {\n out->ptr = NULL;\n out->len = out->cap = 0;\n if (sep->len == 0) {\n for (int64_t i = 0; i < s->len; i++) arr_push_str(out, s->ptr + i, 1);\n return;\n }\n int64_t start = 0;\n for (int64_t i = 0; i + sep->len <= s->len;) {\n if (memcmp(s->ptr + i, sep->ptr, (size_t)sep->len) == 0) {\n arr_push_str(out, s->ptr + start, i - start);\n i += sep->len;\n start = i;\n } else {\n i++;\n }\n }\n arr_push_str(out, s->ptr + start, s->len - start);\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_join(FStr *out, const FArr *parts, const FStr *sep) {\n const FStr *p = parts->ptr;\n int64_t len = 0;\n for (int64_t i = 0; i < parts->len; i++) len += p[i].len + (i ? sep->len : 0);\n char *m = finch_alloc(len + 1), *w = m;\n for (int64_t i = 0; i < parts->len; i++) {\n if (i) {\n memcpy(w, sep->ptr, (size_t)sep->len);\n w += sep->len;\n }\n memcpy(w, p[i].ptr, (size_t)p[i].len);\n w += p[i].len;\n }\n *w = 0;\n out->ptr = m;\n out->len = len;\n out->cap = len + 1;\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_repeat(FStr *out, const FStr *s, int64_t n) {\n if (n < 0) n = 0;\n int64_t len = s->len * n;\n char *m = finch_alloc(len + 1);\n for (int64_t i = 0; i < n; i++) memcpy(m + i * s->len, s->ptr, (size_t)s->len);\n m[len] = 0;\n out->ptr = m;\n out->len = len;\n out->cap = len + 1;\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_from_bytes(FStr *out, const FArr *bytes) { str_heap(out, bytes->ptr, bytes->len); }\n\n// ---------- building text: print(x) and str(x) of arrays, maps and structs ----------\n// A buffer starts as an empty str and grows on the heap.\n\nvoid finch_buf_add(FStr *b, const char *p, int64_t n) {\n if (b->len + n + 1 > b->cap) {\n int64_t cap = b->cap > 0 ? b->cap * 2 : 32;\n while (cap < b->len + n + 1) cap *= 2;\n b->ptr = must(realloc(b->cap > 0 ? b->ptr : NULL, (size_t)cap));\n b->cap = cap;\n }\n if (n) memcpy(b->ptr + b->len, p, (size_t)n);\n b->len += n;\n b->ptr[b->len] = 0;\n}\n\nstatic void buf_fmt(FStr *b, const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)));\nstatic void buf_fmt(FStr *b, const char *fmt, ...) {\n char t[64];\n va_list ap;\n va_start(ap, fmt);\n int n = vsnprintf(t, sizeof t, fmt, ap);\n va_end(ap);\n finch_buf_add(b, t, n);\n}\n\nvoid finch_buf_int(FStr *b, int64_t v) { buf_fmt(b, \"%lld\", (long long)v); }\nvoid finch_buf_uint(FStr *b, uint64_t v) { buf_fmt(b, \"%llu\", (unsigned long long)v); }\nvoid finch_buf_float(FStr *b, double v) { buf_fmt(b, \"%g\", v); }\nvoid finch_buf_bool(FStr *b, int v) { finch_buf_add(b, v ? \"true\" : \"false\", v ? 4 : 5); }\nvoid finch_buf_ptr(FStr *b, const void *p) {\n if (p) buf_fmt(b, \"0x%llx\", (unsigned long long)(uintptr_t)p);\n else finch_buf_add(b, \"null\", 4);\n}\n\nvoid finch_buf_char(FStr *b, char c, int quoted) {\n if (quoted) finch_buf_add(b, \"'\", 1);\n finch_buf_add(b, &c, 1);\n if (quoted) finch_buf_add(b, \"'\", 1);\n}\n\nvoid finch_buf_str(FStr *b, const FStr *s, int quoted) {\n if (quoted) finch_buf_add(b, \"\\\"\", 1);\n finch_buf_add(b, s->ptr, s->len);\n if (quoted) finch_buf_add(b, \"\\\"\", 1);\n}\n\n// print the buffer and free it\nvoid finch_buf_print(FStr *b) {\n if (b->len) fwrite(b->ptr, 1, (size_t)b->len, stdout);\n if (b->cap > 0) free(b->ptr);\n}\n\n// ---------- arrays ----------\n\nvoid finch_arr_reserve(FArr *a, int64_t need, int64_t es) {\n if (need <= a->cap) return;\n int64_t cap = a->cap * 2;\n if (cap < 4) cap = 4;\n if (cap < need) cap = need;\n a->ptr = must(realloc(a->cap > 0 ? a->ptr : NULL, (size_t)(cap * es)));\n a->cap = cap;\n}\n\nvoid finch_arr_make(FArr *out, int64_t len, int64_t es) {\n if (len < 0) len = 0;\n out->ptr = len ? finch_zalloc(len * es) : NULL;\n out->len = len;\n out->cap = len;\n}\n\n// grow or shrink to `len`; new elements are zero\nvoid finch_arr_resize(FArr *a, int64_t len, int64_t es) {\n if (len < 0) len = 0;\n finch_arr_reserve(a, len, es);\n if (len > a->len) memset((char *)a->ptr + a->len * es, 0, (size_t)((len - a->len) * es));\n a->len = len;\n}\n\n// a byte-for-byte copy of the elements (the compiler deep-copies owning elements afterwards)\nvoid finch_arr_clone_raw(FArr *out, const FArr *a, int64_t es) {\n out->len = a->len;\n out->cap = a->len;\n out->ptr = a->len ? finch_alloc(a->len * es) : NULL;\n if (a->len) memcpy(out->ptr, a->ptr, (size_t)(a->len * es));\n}\n\nvoid finch_arr_free(FArr *a) {\n if (a->cap > 0) free(a->ptr);\n}\n\n// open a hole at i (0 <= i <= len), len grows by one\nvoid finch_arr_insert_gap(FArr *a, int64_t i, int64_t es, const char *file, int64_t line) {\n if (i < 0 || i > a->len) finch_panic_index(file, line, i, a->len);\n finch_arr_reserve(a, a->len + 1, es);\n char *p = a->ptr;\n memmove(p + (i + 1) * es, p + i * es, (size_t)((a->len - i) * es));\n a->len++;\n}\n\n// close the hole at i (the element was already moved out), len shrinks by one\nvoid finch_arr_remove_gap(FArr *a, int64_t i, int64_t es) {\n char *p = a->ptr;\n memmove(p + i * es, p + (i + 1) * es, (size_t)((a->len - i - 1) * es));\n a->len--;\n}\n\nstatic void arr_push_str(FArr *a, const char *p, int64_t len) {\n finch_arr_reserve(a, a->len + 1, (int64_t)sizeof(FStr));\n str_heap((FStr *)a->ptr + a->len, p, len);\n a->len++;\n}\n\nvoid finch_bytes_from_str(FArr *out, const FStr *s) {\n out->len = out->cap = s->len;\n out->ptr = s->len ? finch_alloc(s->len) : NULL;\n if (s->len) memcpy(out->ptr, s->ptr, (size_t)s->len);\n}\n\n// ---------- program arguments, input and files ----------\n\nvoid finch_args(FArr *out, int argc, char **argv) {\n out->len = out->cap = argc;\n out->ptr = finch_alloc((int64_t)sizeof(FStr) * (argc ? argc : 1));\n for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) str_heap((FStr *)out->ptr + i, argv[i], (int64_t)strlen(argv[i]));\n}\n\n// input(\"Name? \") prints the prompt and reads one line, without the newline.\nvoid finch_input(FStr *out, const FStr *prompt) {\n if (prompt->len) fwrite(prompt->ptr, 1, (size_t)prompt->len, stdout);\n fflush(stdout);\n // read one line of any length (getline isn't available everywhere)\n size_t size = 128, n = 0;\n char *line = finch_alloc((int64_t)size);\n int c, got = 0;\n while ((c = fgetc(stdin)) != EOF) {\n got = 1;\n if (c == '\\n') break;\n if (n + 1 >= size) line = must(realloc(line, size *= 2));\n line[n++] = (char)c;\n }\n if (!got) {\n free(line);\n str_static(out, empty);\n return;\n }\n while (n > 0 && line[n - 1] == '\\r') n--;\n line[n] = 0;\n out->ptr = line;\n out->len = (int64_t)n;\n out->cap = (int64_t)size;\n}\n\nint finch_file_exists(const FStr *path) {\n FILE *f = fopen(path->ptr, \"rb\");\n if (f) fclose(f);\n return f != NULL;\n}\n\nint finch_try_read_file(FStr *out, const FStr *path, FStr *err) {\n FILE *f = fopen(path->ptr ? path->ptr : \"\", \"rb\");\n if (!f) {\n file_error(err, \"read\", path);\n return 0;\n }\n fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);\n long size = ftell(f);\n fseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET);\n char *m = finch_alloc(size + 1);\n size_t got = fread(m, 1, (size_t)size, f);\n fclose(f);\n m[got] = 0;\n out->ptr = m;\n out->len = (int64_t)got;\n out->cap = size + 1;\n return 1;\n}\n\nvoid finch_read_file(FStr *out, const FStr *path, const char *file, int64_t line) {\n FILE *f = fopen(path->ptr ? path->ptr : \"\", \"rb\");\n if (!f) {\n char msg[300];\n snprintf(msg, sizeof msg, \"can't read the file \\\"%.*s\\\": %s\", (int)(path->len > 200 ? 200 : path->len),\n path->ptr, strerror(errno));\n finch_panic(file, line, msg);\n }\n fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);\n long size = ftell(f);\n fseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET);\n char *m = finch_alloc(size + 1);\n size_t got = fread(m, 1, (size_t)size, f);\n fclose(f);\n m[got] = 0;\n out->ptr = m;\n out->len = (int64_t)got;\n out->cap = size + 1;\n}\n\n// shell(\"ls -l\"): run a command, give back its exit code\nint64_t finch_shell(const FStr *cmd) {\n fflush(stdout);\n int status = system(cmd->ptr ? cmd->ptr : \"\");\n#ifdef _WIN32\n return status; // Windows gives the exit code directly\n#else\n if (status == -1) return -1;\n if (WIFEXITED(status)) return WEXITSTATUS(status);\n return 128 + (WIFSIGNALED(status) ? WTERMSIG(status) : 0);\n#endif\n}\n\nint finch_delete_file(const FStr *path) { return remove(path->ptr ? path->ptr : \"\") == 0; }\n\nint finch_try_delete_file(const FStr *path, FStr *err) {\n if (remove(path->ptr ? path->ptr : \"\") == 0) return 1;\n file_error(err, \"delete\", path);\n return 0;\n}\n\n// stdin/stdout/stderr are macros on some systems (Windows), so Finch asks for them here\nvoid *finch_std_stream(int i) { return i == 0 ? (void *)stdin : i == 1 ? (void *)stdout : (void *)stderr; }\n\nint finch_write_file(const FStr *path, const FStr *text) {\n FILE *f = fopen(path->ptr ? path->ptr : \"\", \"wb\");\n if (!f) return 0;\n size_t put = text->len ? fwrite(text->ptr, 1, (size_t)text->len, f) : 0;\n return fclose(f) == 0 && put == (size_t)text->len;\n}\n\nint finch_try_write_file(const FStr *path, const FStr *text, FStr *err) {\n errno = 0;\n if (finch_write_file(path, text)) return 1;\n if (!errno) errno = EIO;\n file_error(err, \"write\", path);\n return 0;\n}\n\n// ---------- maps ----------\n// map[K]V = { entries; len; used; cap; index; icap; adds }\n// entries: `used` slots of es bytes, each { uint64 hash; K key; V value }, in insertion order.\n// A removed entry keeps its slot (hash 0) until the next resize packs the slots.\n// index: icap slots (a power of two, at least 2 * cap): -1 empty, -2 removed, else an entry number.\n// adds: how many keys were ever added; a `for` over the map stops with an error if it changes.\n// The compiler stores, copies and drops keys and values; the runtime only finds and places entries.\n// Keys are compared byte for byte (numbers, chars, bools) or as text (kstr).\n\ntypedef struct {\n char *entries;\n int64_t len, used, cap;\n int64_t *index;\n int64_t icap;\n int64_t adds;\n} FMap;\n\nstatic uint64_t map_hash(const void *key, int64_t ks, int kstr) {\n const unsigned char *p;\n size_t n;\n if (kstr) {\n const FStr *s = key;\n p = (const unsigned char *)s->ptr;\n n = (size_t)s->len;\n } else {\n p = key;\n n = (size_t)ks;\n }\n uint64_t h = 1469598103934665603ULL; // FNV-1a, then mixed so the low bits spread well\n for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n h ^= p[i];\n h *= 1099511628211ULL;\n }\n h ^= h >> 31;\n h *= 0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9ULL;\n h ^= h >> 29;\n return h | 1; // 0 marks a removed entry\n}\n\nstatic int map_key_eq(const char *a, const void *b, int64_t ks, int kstr) {\n if (!kstr) return memcmp(a, b, (size_t)ks) == 0;\n const FStr *x = (const FStr *)a, *y = b;\n return x->len == y->len && (x->len == 0 || memcmp(x->ptr, y->ptr, (size_t)x->len) == 0);\n}\n\nstatic void map_reindex(FMap *m, int64_t es) {\n if (m->len != m->used) { // pack the slots of removed entries away\n int64_t j = 0;\n for (int64_t i = 0; i < m->used; i++) {\n char *e = m->entries + i * es;\n if (*(uint64_t *)e == 0) continue;\n if (i != j) memmove(m->entries + j * es, e, (size_t)es);\n j++;\n }\n m->used = j;\n }\n int64_t icap = 16;\n while (icap < m->cap * 2) icap *= 2;\n free(m->index);\n m->index = finch_alloc(icap * (int64_t)sizeof(int64_t));\n memset(m->index, 0xff, (size_t)icap * sizeof(int64_t));\n m->icap = icap;\n for (int64_t i = 0; i < m->used; i++) {\n uint64_t h = *(uint64_t *)(m->entries + i * es);\n int64_t s = (int64_t)(h & (uint64_t)(icap - 1));\n while (m->index[s] != -1) s = (s + 1) & (icap - 1);\n m->index[s] = i;\n }\n}\n\n// the entry number of `key`, or -1\nint64_t finch_map_find(const FMap *m, const void *key, int64_t es, int64_t ks, int32_t kstr) {\n if (m->len == 0) return -1;\n uint64_t h = map_hash(key, ks, kstr);\n for (int64_t s = (int64_t)(h & (uint64_t)(m->icap - 1));; s = (s + 1) & (m->icap - 1)) {\n int64_t i = m->index[s];\n if (i == -1) return -1;\n if (i < 0) continue;\n char *e = m->entries + i * es;\n if (*(uint64_t *)e == h && map_key_eq(e + 8, key, ks, kstr)) return i;\n }\n}\n\n// The entry for `key`. A new one is zeroed except its hash (*added = 1); the compiler then stores the key.\nint64_t finch_map_slot(FMap *m, const void *key, int64_t es, int64_t ks, int32_t kstr, int32_t *added) {\n int64_t i = finch_map_find(m, key, es, ks, kstr);\n *added = i < 0;\n if (i >= 0) return i;\n if (m->used == m->cap) {\n if (m->len * 4 < m->cap * 3) { // many removed slots: pack them instead of growing\n map_reindex(m, es);\n } else {\n m->cap = m->cap ? m->cap * 2 : 8;\n m->entries = must(realloc(m->entries, (size_t)(m->cap * es)));\n map_reindex(m, es);\n }\n }\n uint64_t h = map_hash(key, ks, kstr);\n i = m->used++;\n char *e = m->entries + i * es;\n memset(e, 0, (size_t)es);\n *(uint64_t *)e = h;\n int64_t s = (int64_t)(h & (uint64_t)(m->icap - 1));\n while (m->index[s] >= 0) s = (s + 1) & (m->icap - 1);\n m->index[s] = i;\n m->len++;\n m->adds++;\n return i;\n}\n\n// Forget entry i (its key and value were already dropped by the compiler).\nvoid finch_map_remove_at(FMap *m, int64_t i, int64_t es) {\n char *e = m->entries + i * es;\n uint64_t h = *(uint64_t *)e;\n int64_t s = (int64_t)(h & (uint64_t)(m->icap - 1));\n while (m->index[s] != i) s = (s + 1) & (m->icap - 1);\n m->index[s] = -2;\n *(uint64_t *)e = 0;\n if (--m->len == 0) {\n m->used = 0;\n memset(m->index, 0xff, (size_t)m->icap * sizeof(int64_t));\n }\n}\n\nvoid finch_map_clear(FMap *m) {\n m->len = m->used = 0;\n if (m->index) memset(m->index, 0xff, (size_t)m->icap * sizeof(int64_t));\n}\n\nvoid finch_map_free(FMap *m) {\n free(m->entries);\n free(m->index);\n}\n\n// A copy of the slots and the index; the compiler then copies the keys and values that own memory.\nvoid finch_map_clone_raw(FMap *out, const FMap *m, int64_t es) {\n *out = *m;\n if (!m->cap) return;\n out->entries = finch_alloc(m->cap * es);\n memcpy(out->entries, m->entries, (size_t)(m->used * es));\n out->index = finch_alloc(m->icap * (int64_t)sizeof(int64_t));\n memcpy(out->index, m->index, (size_t)m->icap * sizeof(int64_t));\n}\n\n__attribute__((noreturn, cold)) void finch_map_changed(const char *file, int64_t line) {\n finch_panic(file, line, \"a key was added to the map while looping over it (collect the new keys, and add them after the loop)\");\n}\n\n__attribute__((noreturn, cold)) void finch_map_missing(const char *file, int64_t line, const FStr *key) {\n char msg[200];\n snprintf(msg, sizeof msg, \"the key %.*s is not in the map (check with .has(key), or use .get(key, default))\",\n (int)(key->len > 100 ? 100 : key->len), key->ptr ? key->ptr : \"\");\n finch_panic(file, line, msg);\n}\n") + list.push("// The Finch runtime: string and array helpers, input, files and runtime errors.\n// It is embedded in the compiler, compiled once into a cache folder, and linked\n// statically into every Finch program. Everything here is plain C with no state.\n//\n// Layout shared with the compiler (src/codegen.cpp):\n// str = { char *ptr; int64 len; int64 cap } ptr is always NUL-terminated\n// cap > 0 : heap memory owned by the value (cap bytes allocated)\n// cap == 0 : a string literal, valid forever, never written to\n// cap == -1: borrowed from C, must be copied before it is kept\n// []T = { T *ptr; int64 len; int64 cap } owns ptr when cap > 0\n// map[K]V: see \"maps\" below\n\n#include \n#include \n#include \n#include \n#include \n#include \n#include \n#include \n#ifndef _WIN32\n#include \n#endif\n\ntypedef struct {\n char *ptr;\n int64_t len;\n int64_t cap;\n} FStr;\n\ntypedef struct {\n void *ptr;\n int64_t len;\n int64_t cap;\n} FArr;\n\nstatic char empty[1] = \"\";\n\n// ---------- runtime errors ----------\n\n// A program that loads Finch libraries (finch build --shared) can take runtime errors over\n// instead of the process exiting: finch_module_on_fatal(handler) in each library. The handler\n// gets the message and must not return (longjmp out, or exit itself).\nstatic void (*fatal_hook)(const char *msg);\nvoid finch_on_fatal(void (*hook)(const char *msg)) { fatal_hook = hook; }\n\nstatic __attribute__((noreturn)) void fatal(const char *msg) {\n if (fatal_hook) fatal_hook(msg);\n fflush(stdout);\n fprintf(stderr, \"%s\\n\", msg);\n exit(1);\n}\n\n__attribute__((noreturn, cold)) void finch_panic(const char *file, int64_t line, const char *msg) {\n char full[1024];\n snprintf(full, sizeof full, \"%s:%lld: runtime error: %s\", file, (long long)line, msg);\n fflush(stdout);\n fatal(full);\n}\n\n__attribute__((noreturn, cold)) void finch_panic_index(const char *file, int64_t line, int64_t i, int64_t len) {\n char msg[128];\n snprintf(msg, sizeof msg, \"index %lld is out of range (the length is %lld)\", (long long)i, (long long)len);\n finch_panic(file, line, msg);\n}\n\nstatic void *must(void *p) {\n if (!p) {\n fflush(stdout);\n fatal(\"runtime error: out of memory\");\n }\n return p;\n}\n\nvoid *finch_alloc(int64_t n) { return must(malloc(n ? (size_t)n : 1)); }\nvoid *finch_zalloc(int64_t n) { return must(calloc(1, n ? (size_t)n : 1)); }\n\n// ---------- strings ----------\n\nstatic void str_heap(FStr *out, const char *p, int64_t len) {\n char *m = finch_alloc(len + 1);\n if (len) memcpy(m, p, (size_t)len);\n m[len] = 0;\n out->ptr = m;\n out->len = len;\n out->cap = len + 1;\n}\n\nstatic void str_static(FStr *out, const char *lit) {\n out->ptr = (char *)lit;\n out->len = (int64_t)strlen(lit);\n out->cap = 0;\n}\n\n// A copy that can be kept: literals are shared, everything else is duplicated.\nvoid finch_str_copy(FStr *out, const FStr *s) {\n if (s->cap == 0) *out = *s;\n else str_heap(out, s->ptr, s->len);\n}\n\n// Make `s` writable (before s[i] = c).\nvoid finch_str_own(FStr *s) {\n if (s->cap > 0) return;\n FStr t;\n str_heap(&t, s->ptr, s->len);\n *s = t;\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_drop(FStr *s) {\n if (s->cap > 0) free(s->ptr);\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_from_c(FStr *out, const char *p) {\n if (!p) {\n str_static(out, empty);\n return;\n }\n out->ptr = (char *)p;\n out->len = (int64_t)strlen(p);\n out->cap = -1;\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_concat(FStr *out, const FStr *a, const FStr *b) {\n int64_t len = a->len + b->len;\n char *m = finch_alloc(len + 1);\n memcpy(m, a->ptr, (size_t)a->len);\n memcpy(m + a->len, b->ptr, (size_t)b->len);\n m[len] = 0;\n out->ptr = m;\n out->len = len;\n out->cap = len + 1;\n}\n\nint finch_str_eq(const FStr *a, const FStr *b) {\n return a->len == b->len && memcmp(a->ptr, b->ptr, (size_t)a->len) == 0;\n}\n\nint64_t finch_str_cmp(const FStr *a, const FStr *b) {\n int64_t n = a->len < b->len ? a->len : b->len;\n int c = memcmp(a->ptr, b->ptr, (size_t)n);\n if (c) return c < 0 ? -1 : 1;\n return a->len < b->len ? -1 : a->len > b->len;\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_from_int(FStr *out, int64_t v) {\n char buf[32];\n int n = snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, \"%lld\", (long long)v);\n str_heap(out, buf, n);\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_from_uint(FStr *out, uint64_t v) {\n char buf[32];\n int n = snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, \"%llu\", (unsigned long long)v);\n str_heap(out, buf, n);\n}\n\n// The shortest text that reads back as the same number (as an f32 when `single`):\n// 0.1 -> \"0.1\", 1.0/3 -> \"0.3333333333333333\", 1e8 -> \"100000000\", 1e20 -> \"1e+20\".\nstatic int fmt_float(char *buf, size_t size, double v, int single) {\n if (isnan(v)) return snprintf(buf, size, \"nan\");\n if (isinf(v)) return snprintf(buf, size, v < 0 ? \"-inf\" : \"inf\");\n int p = 1;\n for (; p < 17; p++) {\n snprintf(buf, size, \"%.*e\", p - 1, v);\n double back = strtod(buf, NULL);\n if (single ? (float)back == (float)v : back == v) break;\n }\n int exp = atoi(strchr(buf, 'e') + 1);\n if (exp < -5 || exp >= 17) return snprintf(buf, size, \"%.*g\", p, v);\n int decimals = p - 1 - exp;\n return snprintf(buf, size, \"%.*f\", decimals > 0 ? decimals : 0, v);\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_from_float(FStr *out, double v) {\n char buf[64];\n int n = fmt_float(buf, sizeof buf, v, 0);\n str_heap(out, buf, n);\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_from_f32(FStr *out, double v) {\n char buf[64];\n int n = fmt_float(buf, sizeof buf, v, 1);\n str_heap(out, buf, n);\n}\n\n// str(x, 2): a fixed number of digits after the point\nvoid finch_str_fixed(FStr *out, double v, int64_t digits) {\n char buf[400];\n if (digits < 0) digits = 0;\n if (digits > 60) digits = 60;\n int n = snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, \"%.*f\", (int)digits, v);\n str_heap(out, buf, n);\n}\n\nvoid finch_print_float(double v, int32_t single) {\n char buf[64];\n fmt_float(buf, sizeof buf, v, single);\n fputs(buf, stdout);\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_from_char(FStr *out, char c) { str_heap(out, &c, 1); }\n\nvoid finch_str_from_bool(FStr *out, int b) { str_static(out, b ? \"true\" : \"false\"); }\n\nstatic void number_error(char *msg, size_t size, const FStr *s, const char *kind) {\n snprintf(msg, size, \"can't turn \\\"%.*s\\\" into %s\", (int)(s->len > 100 ? 100 : s->len), s->ptr ? s->ptr : \"\", kind);\n}\n\nstatic int parse_int(const FStr *s, int64_t *out) {\n const char *p = s->ptr ? s->ptr : \"\";\n while (isspace((unsigned char)*p)) p++;\n char *end;\n errno = 0;\n long long v = strtoll(p, &end, 10);\n while (isspace((unsigned char)*end)) end++;\n *out = v;\n return !(end == p || *end || errno == ERANGE);\n}\n\nstatic int parse_float(const FStr *s, double *out) {\n const char *p = s->ptr ? s->ptr : \"\";\n while (isspace((unsigned char)*p)) p++;\n char *end;\n double v = strtod(p, &end);\n while (isspace((unsigned char)*end)) end++;\n *out = v;\n return !(end == p || *end);\n}\n\nint64_t finch_str_to_int(const FStr *s, const char *file, int64_t line) {\n int64_t v;\n if (!parse_int(s, &v)) {\n char msg[200];\n number_error(msg, sizeof msg, s, \"int\");\n finch_panic(file, line, msg);\n }\n return v;\n}\n\ndouble finch_str_to_float(const FStr *s, const char *file, int64_t line) {\n double v;\n if (!parse_float(s, &v)) {\n char msg[200];\n number_error(msg, sizeof msg, s, \"float\");\n finch_panic(file, line, msg);\n }\n return v;\n}\n\n// ---------- errors as values: int(s) or 0, try read_file(p) ... ----------\n// Each gives back 1 on success; on failure 0, with the message in *err.\n\nstatic void set_error(FStr *err, const char *msg) { str_heap(err, msg, (int64_t)strlen(msg)); }\n\nint finch_str_try_int(const FStr *s, int64_t *out, FStr *err) {\n if (parse_int(s, out)) return 1;\n char msg[200];\n number_error(msg, sizeof msg, s, \"int\");\n set_error(err, msg);\n *out = 0;\n return 0;\n}\n\nint finch_str_try_float(const FStr *s, double *out, FStr *err) {\n if (parse_float(s, out)) return 1;\n char msg[200];\n number_error(msg, sizeof msg, s, \"float\");\n set_error(err, msg);\n *out = 0;\n return 0;\n}\n\nstatic void file_error(FStr *err, const char *what, const FStr *path) {\n char msg[300];\n snprintf(msg, sizeof msg, \"can't %s the file \\\"%.*s\\\": %s\", what, (int)(path->len > 200 ? 200 : path->len),\n path->ptr ? path->ptr : \"\", strerror(errno));\n set_error(err, msg);\n}\n\n// when `fn main() -> !` fails\nvoid finch_report_error(const FStr *msg) {\n fflush(stdout);\n fprintf(stderr, \"error: %.*s\\n\", (int)msg->len, msg->ptr ? msg->ptr : \"\");\n finch_str_drop((FStr *)msg);\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_sub(FStr *out, const FStr *s, int64_t start, int64_t end, const char *file, int64_t line) {\n if (start < 0 || end > s->len || start > end) {\n char msg[160];\n snprintf(msg, sizeof msg, \"sub(%lld, %lld) is out of range (the length is %lld)\", (long long)start,\n (long long)end, (long long)s->len);\n finch_panic(file, line, msg);\n }\n str_heap(out, s->ptr + start, end - start);\n}\n\nint64_t finch_str_find(const FStr *s, const FStr *t) {\n if (t->len == 0) return 0;\n for (int64_t i = 0; i + t->len <= s->len; i++)\n if (s->ptr[i] == t->ptr[0] && memcmp(s->ptr + i, t->ptr, (size_t)t->len) == 0) return i;\n return -1;\n}\n\nint finch_str_starts(const FStr *s, const FStr *t) {\n return t->len <= s->len && memcmp(s->ptr, t->ptr, (size_t)t->len) == 0;\n}\n\nint finch_str_ends(const FStr *s, const FStr *t) {\n return t->len <= s->len && memcmp(s->ptr + s->len - t->len, t->ptr, (size_t)t->len) == 0;\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_trim(FStr *out, const FStr *s) {\n int64_t a = 0, b = s->len;\n while (a < b && isspace((unsigned char)s->ptr[a])) a++;\n while (b > a && isspace((unsigned char)s->ptr[b - 1])) b--;\n str_heap(out, s->ptr + a, b - a);\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_upper(FStr *out, const FStr *s) {\n str_heap(out, s->ptr, s->len);\n for (int64_t i = 0; i < out->len; i++) out->ptr[i] = (char)toupper((unsigned char)out->ptr[i]);\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_lower(FStr *out, const FStr *s) {\n str_heap(out, s->ptr, s->len);\n for (int64_t i = 0; i < out->len; i++) out->ptr[i] = (char)tolower((unsigned char)out->ptr[i]);\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_replace(FStr *out, const FStr *s, const FStr *from, const FStr *to) {\n if (from->len == 0) {\n str_heap(out, s->ptr, s->len);\n return;\n }\n int64_t count = 0;\n for (int64_t i = 0; i + from->len <= s->len;) {\n if (memcmp(s->ptr + i, from->ptr, (size_t)from->len) == 0) {\n count++;\n i += from->len;\n } else {\n i++;\n }\n }\n int64_t len = s->len + count * (to->len - from->len);\n char *m = finch_alloc(len + 1), *w = m;\n for (int64_t i = 0; i < s->len;) {\n if (i + from->len <= s->len && memcmp(s->ptr + i, from->ptr, (size_t)from->len) == 0) {\n memcpy(w, to->ptr, (size_t)to->len);\n w += to->len;\n i += from->len;\n } else {\n *w++ = s->ptr[i++];\n }\n }\n *w = 0;\n out->ptr = m;\n out->len = len;\n out->cap = len + 1;\n}\n\nstatic void arr_push_str(FArr *a, const char *p, int64_t len);\n\n// \"a,b,,c\".split(\",\") -> [\"a\", \"b\", \"\", \"c\"]; split(\"\") gives single characters.\nvoid finch_str_split(FArr *out, const FStr *s, const FStr *sep) {\n out->ptr = NULL;\n out->len = out->cap = 0;\n if (sep->len == 0) {\n for (int64_t i = 0; i < s->len; i++) arr_push_str(out, s->ptr + i, 1);\n return;\n }\n int64_t start = 0;\n for (int64_t i = 0; i + sep->len <= s->len;) {\n if (memcmp(s->ptr + i, sep->ptr, (size_t)sep->len) == 0) {\n arr_push_str(out, s->ptr + start, i - start);\n i += sep->len;\n start = i;\n } else {\n i++;\n }\n }\n arr_push_str(out, s->ptr + start, s->len - start);\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_join(FStr *out, const FArr *parts, const FStr *sep) {\n const FStr *p = parts->ptr;\n int64_t len = 0;\n for (int64_t i = 0; i < parts->len; i++) len += p[i].len + (i ? sep->len : 0);\n char *m = finch_alloc(len + 1), *w = m;\n for (int64_t i = 0; i < parts->len; i++) {\n if (i) {\n memcpy(w, sep->ptr, (size_t)sep->len);\n w += sep->len;\n }\n memcpy(w, p[i].ptr, (size_t)p[i].len);\n w += p[i].len;\n }\n *w = 0;\n out->ptr = m;\n out->len = len;\n out->cap = len + 1;\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_repeat(FStr *out, const FStr *s, int64_t n) {\n if (n < 0) n = 0;\n int64_t len = s->len * n;\n char *m = finch_alloc(len + 1);\n for (int64_t i = 0; i < n; i++) memcpy(m + i * s->len, s->ptr, (size_t)s->len);\n m[len] = 0;\n out->ptr = m;\n out->len = len;\n out->cap = len + 1;\n}\n\nvoid finch_str_from_bytes(FStr *out, const FArr *bytes) { str_heap(out, bytes->ptr, bytes->len); }\n\n// ---------- building text: print(x) and str(x) of arrays, maps and structs ----------\n// A buffer starts as an empty str and grows on the heap.\n\nvoid finch_buf_add(FStr *b, const char *p, int64_t n) {\n if (b->len + n + 1 > b->cap) {\n int64_t cap = b->cap > 0 ? b->cap * 2 : 32;\n while (cap < b->len + n + 1) cap *= 2;\n b->ptr = must(realloc(b->cap > 0 ? b->ptr : NULL, (size_t)cap));\n b->cap = cap;\n }\n if (n) memcpy(b->ptr + b->len, p, (size_t)n);\n b->len += n;\n b->ptr[b->len] = 0;\n}\n\nstatic void buf_fmt(FStr *b, const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)));\nstatic void buf_fmt(FStr *b, const char *fmt, ...) {\n char t[64];\n va_list ap;\n va_start(ap, fmt);\n int n = vsnprintf(t, sizeof t, fmt, ap);\n va_end(ap);\n finch_buf_add(b, t, n);\n}\n\nvoid finch_buf_int(FStr *b, int64_t v) { buf_fmt(b, \"%lld\", (long long)v); }\nvoid finch_buf_uint(FStr *b, uint64_t v) { buf_fmt(b, \"%llu\", (unsigned long long)v); }\nvoid finch_buf_float(FStr *b, double v) {\n char t[64];\n finch_buf_add(b, t, fmt_float(t, sizeof t, v, 0));\n}\nvoid finch_buf_f32(FStr *b, double v) {\n char t[64];\n finch_buf_add(b, t, fmt_float(t, sizeof t, v, 1));\n}\nvoid finch_buf_bool(FStr *b, int v) { finch_buf_add(b, v ? \"true\" : \"false\", v ? 4 : 5); }\nvoid finch_buf_ptr(FStr *b, const void *p) {\n if (p) buf_fmt(b, \"0x%llx\", (unsigned long long)(uintptr_t)p);\n else finch_buf_add(b, \"null\", 4);\n}\n\nvoid finch_buf_char(FStr *b, char c, int quoted) {\n if (quoted) finch_buf_add(b, \"'\", 1);\n finch_buf_add(b, &c, 1);\n if (quoted) finch_buf_add(b, \"'\", 1);\n}\n\nvoid finch_buf_str(FStr *b, const FStr *s, int quoted) {\n if (quoted) finch_buf_add(b, \"\\\"\", 1);\n finch_buf_add(b, s->ptr, s->len);\n if (quoted) finch_buf_add(b, \"\\\"\", 1);\n}\n\n// print the buffer and free it\nvoid finch_buf_print(FStr *b) {\n if (b->len) fwrite(b->ptr, 1, (size_t)b->len, stdout);\n if (b->cap > 0) free(b->ptr);\n}\n\n// ---------- arrays ----------\n\nvoid finch_arr_reserve(FArr *a, int64_t need, int64_t es) {\n if (need <= a->cap) return;\n int64_t cap = a->cap * 2;\n if (cap < 4) cap = 4;\n if (cap < need) cap = need;\n a->ptr = must(realloc(a->cap > 0 ? a->ptr : NULL, (size_t)(cap * es)));\n a->cap = cap;\n}\n\nvoid finch_arr_make(FArr *out, int64_t len, int64_t es) {\n if (len < 0) len = 0;\n out->ptr = len ? finch_zalloc(len * es) : NULL;\n out->len = len;\n out->cap = len;\n}\n\n// grow or shrink to `len`; new elements are zero\nvoid finch_arr_resize(FArr *a, int64_t len, int64_t es) {\n if (len < 0) len = 0;\n finch_arr_reserve(a, len, es);\n if (len > a->len) memset((char *)a->ptr + a->len * es, 0, (size_t)((len - a->len) * es));\n a->len = len;\n}\n\n// a byte-for-byte copy of the elements (the compiler deep-copies owning elements afterwards)\nvoid finch_arr_clone_raw(FArr *out, const FArr *a, int64_t es) {\n out->len = a->len;\n out->cap = a->len;\n out->ptr = a->len ? finch_alloc(a->len * es) : NULL;\n if (a->len) memcpy(out->ptr, a->ptr, (size_t)(a->len * es));\n}\n\nvoid finch_arr_free(FArr *a) {\n if (a->cap > 0) free(a->ptr);\n}\n\n// open a hole at i (0 <= i <= len), len grows by one\nvoid finch_arr_insert_gap(FArr *a, int64_t i, int64_t es, const char *file, int64_t line) {\n if (i < 0 || i > a->len) finch_panic_index(file, line, i, a->len);\n finch_arr_reserve(a, a->len + 1, es);\n char *p = a->ptr;\n memmove(p + (i + 1) * es, p + i * es, (size_t)((a->len - i) * es));\n a->len++;\n}\n\n// close the hole at i (the element was already moved out), len shrinks by one\nvoid finch_arr_remove_gap(FArr *a, int64_t i, int64_t es) {\n char *p = a->ptr;\n memmove(p + i * es, p + (i + 1) * es, (size_t)((a->len - i - 1) * es));\n a->len--;\n}\n\nstatic void arr_push_str(FArr *a, const char *p, int64_t len) {\n finch_arr_reserve(a, a->len + 1, (int64_t)sizeof(FStr));\n str_heap((FStr *)a->ptr + a->len, p, len);\n a->len++;\n}\n\nvoid finch_bytes_from_str(FArr *out, const FStr *s) {\n out->len = out->cap = s->len;\n out->ptr = s->len ? finch_alloc(s->len) : NULL;\n if (s->len) memcpy(out->ptr, s->ptr, (size_t)s->len);\n}\n\n// ---------- program arguments, input and files ----------\n\nvoid finch_args(FArr *out, int argc, char **argv) {\n out->len = out->cap = argc;\n out->ptr = finch_alloc((int64_t)sizeof(FStr) * (argc ? argc : 1));\n for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) str_heap((FStr *)out->ptr + i, argv[i], (int64_t)strlen(argv[i]));\n}\n\n// after main: the arguments go\nvoid finch_args_free(FArr *a) {\n for (int64_t i = 0; i < a->len; i++) finch_str_drop((FStr *)a->ptr + i);\n finch_arr_free(a);\n}\n\n// input(\"Name? \") prints the prompt and reads one line, without the newline.\nvoid finch_input(FStr *out, const FStr *prompt) {\n if (prompt->len) fwrite(prompt->ptr, 1, (size_t)prompt->len, stdout);\n fflush(stdout);\n // read one line of any length (getline isn't available everywhere)\n size_t size = 128, n = 0;\n char *line = finch_alloc((int64_t)size);\n int c, got = 0;\n while ((c = fgetc(stdin)) != EOF) {\n got = 1;\n if (c == '\\n') break;\n if (n + 1 >= size) line = must(realloc(line, size *= 2));\n line[n++] = (char)c;\n }\n if (!got) {\n free(line);\n str_static(out, empty);\n return;\n }\n while (n > 0 && line[n - 1] == '\\r') n--;\n line[n] = 0;\n out->ptr = line;\n out->len = (int64_t)n;\n out->cap = (int64_t)size;\n}\n\nint finch_file_exists(const FStr *path) {\n FILE *f = fopen(path->ptr, \"rb\");\n if (f) fclose(f);\n return f != NULL;\n}\n\nint finch_try_read_file(FStr *out, const FStr *path, FStr *err) {\n FILE *f = fopen(path->ptr ? path->ptr : \"\", \"rb\");\n if (!f) {\n file_error(err, \"read\", path);\n return 0;\n }\n fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);\n long size = ftell(f);\n fseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET);\n char *m = finch_alloc(size + 1);\n size_t got = fread(m, 1, (size_t)size, f);\n fclose(f);\n m[got] = 0;\n out->ptr = m;\n out->len = (int64_t)got;\n out->cap = size + 1;\n return 1;\n}\n\nvoid finch_read_file(FStr *out, const FStr *path, const char *file, int64_t line) {\n FILE *f = fopen(path->ptr ? path->ptr : \"\", \"rb\");\n if (!f) {\n char msg[300];\n snprintf(msg, sizeof msg, \"can't read the file \\\"%.*s\\\": %s\", (int)(path->len > 200 ? 200 : path->len),\n path->ptr, strerror(errno));\n finch_panic(file, line, msg);\n }\n fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);\n long size = ftell(f);\n fseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET);\n char *m = finch_alloc(size + 1);\n size_t got = fread(m, 1, (size_t)size, f);\n fclose(f);\n m[got] = 0;\n out->ptr = m;\n out->len = (int64_t)got;\n out->cap = size + 1;\n}\n\n// shell(\"ls -l\"): run a command, give back its exit code\nint64_t finch_shell(const FStr *cmd) {\n fflush(stdout);\n int status = system(cmd->ptr ? cmd->ptr : \"\");\n#ifdef _WIN32\n return status; // Windows gives the exit code directly\n#else\n if (status == -1) return -1;\n if (WIFEXITED(status)) return WEXITSTATUS(status);\n return 128 + (WIFSIGNALED(status) ? WTERMSIG(status) : 0);\n#endif\n}\n\nint finch_delete_file(const FStr *path) { return remove(path->ptr ? path->ptr : \"\") == 0; }\n\nint finch_try_delete_file(const FStr *path, FStr *err) {\n if (remove(path->ptr ? path->ptr : \"\") == 0) return 1;\n file_error(err, \"delete\", path);\n return 0;\n}\n\n// stdin/stdout/stderr are macros on some systems (Windows), so Finch asks for them here\nvoid *finch_std_stream(int i) { return i == 0 ? (void *)stdin : i == 1 ? (void *)stdout : (void *)stderr; }\n\nint finch_write_file(const FStr *path, const FStr *text) {\n FILE *f = fopen(path->ptr ? path->ptr : \"\", \"wb\");\n if (!f) return 0;\n size_t put = text->len ? fwrite(text->ptr, 1, (size_t)text->len, f) : 0;\n return fclose(f) == 0 && put == (size_t)text->len;\n}\n\nint finch_try_write_file(const FStr *path, const FStr *text, FStr *err) {\n errno = 0;\n if (finch_write_file(path, text)) return 1;\n if (!errno) errno = EIO;\n file_error(err, \"write\", path);\n return 0;\n}\n\n// ---------- maps ----------\n// map[K]V = { entries; len; used; cap; index; icap; adds }\n// entries: `used` slots of es bytes, each { uint64 hash; K key; V value }, in insertion order.\n// A removed entry keeps its slot (hash 0) until the next resize packs the slots.\n// index: icap slots (a power of two, at least 2 * cap): -1 empty, -2 removed, else an entry number.\n// adds: how many keys were ever added; a `for` over the map stops with an error if it changes.\n// The compiler stores, copies and drops keys and values; the runtime only finds and places entries.\n// Keys are compared byte for byte (numbers, chars, bools) or as text (kstr).\n\ntypedef struct {\n char *entries;\n int64_t len, used, cap;\n int64_t *index;\n int64_t icap;\n int64_t adds;\n} FMap;\n\nstatic uint64_t map_hash(const void *key, int64_t ks, int kstr) {\n const unsigned char *p;\n size_t n;\n if (kstr) {\n const FStr *s = key;\n p = (const unsigned char *)s->ptr;\n n = (size_t)s->len;\n } else {\n p = key;\n n = (size_t)ks;\n }\n uint64_t h = 1469598103934665603ULL; // FNV-1a, then mixed so the low bits spread well\n for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n h ^= p[i];\n h *= 1099511628211ULL;\n }\n h ^= h >> 31;\n h *= 0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9ULL;\n h ^= h >> 29;\n return h | 1; // 0 marks a removed entry\n}\n\nstatic int map_key_eq(const char *a, const void *b, int64_t ks, int kstr) {\n if (!kstr) return memcmp(a, b, (size_t)ks) == 0;\n const FStr *x = (const FStr *)a, *y = b;\n return x->len == y->len && (x->len == 0 || memcmp(x->ptr, y->ptr, (size_t)x->len) == 0);\n}\n\nstatic void map_reindex(FMap *m, int64_t es) {\n if (m->len != m->used) { // pack the slots of removed entries away\n int64_t j = 0;\n for (int64_t i = 0; i < m->used; i++) {\n char *e = m->entries + i * es;\n if (*(uint64_t *)e == 0) continue;\n if (i != j) memmove(m->entries + j * es, e, (size_t)es);\n j++;\n }\n m->used = j;\n }\n int64_t icap = 16;\n while (icap < m->cap * 2) icap *= 2;\n free(m->index);\n m->index = finch_alloc(icap * (int64_t)sizeof(int64_t));\n memset(m->index, 0xff, (size_t)icap * sizeof(int64_t));\n m->icap = icap;\n for (int64_t i = 0; i < m->used; i++) {\n uint64_t h = *(uint64_t *)(m->entries + i * es);\n int64_t s = (int64_t)(h & (uint64_t)(icap - 1));\n while (m->index[s] != -1) s = (s + 1) & (icap - 1);\n m->index[s] = i;\n }\n}\n\n// the entry number of `key`, or -1\nint64_t finch_map_find(const FMap *m, const void *key, int64_t es, int64_t ks, int32_t kstr) {\n if (m->len == 0) return -1;\n uint64_t h = map_hash(key, ks, kstr);\n for (int64_t s = (int64_t)(h & (uint64_t)(m->icap - 1));; s = (s + 1) & (m->icap - 1)) {\n int64_t i = m->index[s];\n if (i == -1) return -1;\n if (i < 0) continue;\n char *e = m->entries + i * es;\n if (*(uint64_t *)e == h && map_key_eq(e + 8, key, ks, kstr)) return i;\n }\n}\n\n// The entry for `key`. A new one is zeroed except its hash (*added = 1); the compiler then stores the key.\nint64_t finch_map_slot(FMap *m, const void *key, int64_t es, int64_t ks, int32_t kstr, int32_t *added) {\n int64_t i = finch_map_find(m, key, es, ks, kstr);\n *added = i < 0;\n if (i >= 0) return i;\n if (m->used == m->cap) {\n if (m->len * 4 < m->cap * 3) { // many removed slots: pack them instead of growing\n map_reindex(m, es);\n } else {\n m->cap = m->cap ? m->cap * 2 : 8;\n m->entries = must(realloc(m->entries, (size_t)(m->cap * es)));\n map_reindex(m, es);\n }\n }\n uint64_t h = map_hash(key, ks, kstr);\n i = m->used++;\n char *e = m->entries + i * es;\n memset(e, 0, (size_t)es);\n *(uint64_t *)e = h;\n int64_t s = (int64_t)(h & (uint64_t)(m->icap - 1));\n while (m->index[s] >= 0) s = (s + 1) & (m->icap - 1);\n m->index[s] = i;\n m->len++;\n m->adds++;\n return i;\n}\n\n// Forget entry i (its key and value were already dropped by the compiler).\nvoid finch_map_remove_at(FMap *m, int64_t i, int64_t es) {\n char *e = m->entries + i * es;\n uint64_t h = *(uint64_t *)e;\n int64_t s = (int64_t)(h & (uint64_t)(m->icap - 1));\n while (m->index[s] != i) s = (s + 1) & (m->icap - 1);\n m->index[s] = -2;\n *(uint64_t *)e = 0;\n if (--m->len == 0) {\n m->used = 0;\n memset(m->index, 0xff, (size_t)m->icap * sizeof(int64_t));\n }\n}\n\nvoid finch_map_clear(FMap *m) {\n m->len = m->used = 0;\n if (m->index) memset(m->index, 0xff, (size_t)m->icap * sizeof(int64_t));\n}\n\nvoid finch_map_free(FMap *m) {\n free(m->entries);\n free(m->index);\n}\n\n// A copy of the slots and the index; the compiler then copies the keys and values that own memory.\nvoid finch_map_clone_raw(FMap *out, const FMap *m, int64_t es) {\n *out = *m;\n if (!m->cap) return;\n out->entries = finch_alloc(m->cap * es);\n memcpy(out->entries, m->entries, (size_t)(m->used * es));\n out->index = finch_alloc(m->icap * (int64_t)sizeof(int64_t));\n memcpy(out->index, m->index, (size_t)m->icap * sizeof(int64_t));\n}\n\n__attribute__((noreturn, cold)) void finch_map_changed(const char *file, int64_t line) {\n finch_panic(file, line, \"a key was added to the map while looping over it (collect the new keys, and add them after the loop)\");\n}\n\n__attribute__((noreturn, cold)) void finch_map_missing(const char *file, int64_t line, const FStr *key) {\n char msg[200];\n snprintf(msg, sizeof msg, \"the key %.*s is not in the map (check with .has(key), or use .get(key, default))\",\n (int)(key->len > 100 ? 100 : key->len), key->ptr ? key->ptr : \"\");\n finch_panic(file, line, msg);\n}\n") list.push("// JSON: read it, build it, write it.\n//\n// import json\n//\n// doc := try json.parse(\"{\\\"name\\\": \\\"Finch\\\", \\\"tags\\\": [\\\"fast\\\", \\\"small\\\"], \\\"stars\\\": 5}\")\n// print(doc.get(\"name\").str_or(\"\")) Finch\n// print(doc.get(\"tags\").at(1).str_or(\"\")) small\n// print(doc.get(\"stars\").int_or(0)) 5\n// print(doc.get(\"missing\").is_null()) true (a missing key is null, so chains never fail)\n//\n// out := json.new_object()\n// out.set(\"ok\", json.new_bool(true))\n// list := json.new_list()\n// list.push(json.new_number(1.5))\n// out.set(\"values\", list)\n// print(json.stringify(out)) {\"ok\":true,\"values\":[1.5]}\n// print(json.pretty(out)) the same, over several lines\n\nenum Kind { Null, Bool, Number, Text, List, Object }\n\n// One JSON value. `kind` says which of the other fields it uses: flag for Bool, num for Number,\n// text for Text, items for List, and items with keys (the same length, in the same order) for Object.\nstruct Json {\n Kind kind\n bool flag\n float num\n str text\n []Json items\n []str keys\n}\n\nfn new_null() -> Json {\n return Json(kind: Kind.Null)\n}\n\nfn new_bool(bool b) -> Json {\n return Json(kind: Kind.Bool, flag: b)\n}\n\nfn new_number(float n) -> Json {\n return Json(kind: Kind.Number, num: n)\n}\n\nfn new_text(str s) -> Json {\n return Json(kind: Kind.Text, text: s)\n}\n\nfn new_list() -> Json {\n return Json(kind: Kind.List)\n}\n\nfn new_object() -> Json {\n return Json(kind: Kind.Object)\n}\n\n// ---------- looking inside ----------\n\nfn Json.is_null() -> bool {\n return self.kind == Kind.Null\n}\n\n// the number of elements of a list, of keys of an object, of bytes of a text; 0 for the rest\nfn Json.len() -> int {\n return match self.kind {\n List, Object -> self.items.len\n Text -> self.text.len\n else -> 0\n }\n}\n\nfn Json.has(str key) -> bool {\n return self.kind == Kind.Object && self.keys.contains(key)\n}\n\n// the value of a key of an object; null if there is none (or this is not an object)\nfn Json.get(str key) -> Json {\n if self.kind != Kind.Object {\n return new_null()\n }\n i := self.keys.find(key)\n if i < 0 {\n return new_null()\n }\n return self.items[i]\n}\n\n// the element of a list; null if there is none\nfn Json.at(int i) -> Json {\n if self.kind != Kind.List || i < 0 || i >= self.items.len {\n return new_null()\n }\n return self.items[i]\n}\n\n// the value if it is of that kind, else what was given\nfn Json.str_or(str fallback) -> str {\n if self.kind == Kind.Text {\n return self.text\n }\n return fallback\n}\n\nfn Json.float_or(float fallback) -> float {\n if self.kind == Kind.Number {\n return self.num\n }\n return fallback\n}\n\nfn Json.int_or(int fallback) -> int {\n if self.kind == Kind.Number {\n return int(self.num)\n }\n return fallback\n}\n\nfn Json.bool_or(bool fallback) -> bool {\n if self.kind == Kind.Bool {\n return self.flag\n }\n return fallback\n}\n\n// the keys of an object, in the order they were written\nfn Json.names() -> []str {\n return self.keys\n}\n\n// ---------- building ----------\n\n// add to the end of a list\nfn Json.push(Json v) {\n self.items.push(v)\n}\n\n// give a key a value in an object; a key that is already there is replaced\nfn Json.set(str key, Json v) {\n i := self.keys.find(key)\n if i >= 0 {\n self.items[i] = v\n return\n }\n self.keys.push(key)\n self.items.push(v)\n}\n\n// ---------- writing ----------\n\nfn quote(str s) -> str {\n []str parts = [\"\\\"\"]\n for c in s {\n n := int(c)\n if c == '\"' {\n parts.push(\"\\\\\\\"\")\n } else if c == '\\\\' {\n parts.push(\"\\\\\\\\\")\n } else if c == '\\n' {\n parts.push(\"\\\\n\")\n } else if c == '\\r' {\n parts.push(\"\\\\r\")\n } else if c == '\\t' {\n parts.push(\"\\\\t\")\n } else if n < 32 {\n parts.push(\"\\\\u00\" + hexdigit(n / 16) + hexdigit(n % 16))\n } else {\n parts.push(str(c))\n }\n }\n parts.push(\"\\\"\")\n return parts.join(\"\")\n}\n\nfn hexdigit(int n) -> str {\n digits := \"0123456789abcdef\"\n return str(digits[n])\n}\n\nfn number_text(float n) -> str {\n if n == float(int(n)) && n > -1000000000000000.0 && n < 1000000000000000.0 {\n return str(int(n))\n }\n return str(n)\n}\n\nstruct Writer {\n []str out\n}\n\nfn write(Json j, str indent, str pad, ptr[Writer] w) {\n nl := \"\"\n inner := \"\"\n sep := \",\"\n colon := \":\"\n if indent.len > 0 {\n nl = \"\\n\"\n inner = pad + indent\n colon = \": \"\n }\n match j.kind {\n Null -> w.out.push(\"null\")\n Bool -> {\n if j.flag {\n w.out.push(\"true\")\n } else {\n w.out.push(\"false\")\n }\n }\n Number -> w.out.push(number_text(j.num))\n Text -> w.out.push(quote(j.text))\n List -> {\n if j.items.len == 0 {\n w.out.push(\"[]\")\n return\n }\n w.out.push(\"[\" + nl)\n for i, item in j.items {\n if i > 0 {\n w.out.push(sep + nl)\n }\n w.out.push(inner)\n write(item, indent, inner, w)\n }\n w.out.push(nl + pad + \"]\")\n }\n Object -> {\n if j.items.len == 0 {\n w.out.push(\"{}\")\n return\n }\n w.out.push(\"{\" + nl)\n for i, item in j.items {\n if i > 0 {\n w.out.push(sep + nl)\n }\n w.out.push(inner + quote(j.keys[i]) + colon)\n write(item, indent, inner, w)\n }\n w.out.push(nl + pad + \"}\")\n }\n }\n}\n\n// the value as text on one line\nfn stringify(Json j) -> str {\n w := Writer()\n write(j, \"\", \"\", addr(w))\n return w.out.join(\"\")\n}\n\n// the value as text over several lines, indented by two spaces\nfn pretty(Json j) -> str {\n w := Writer()\n write(j, \" \", \"\", addr(w))\n return w.out.join(\"\")\n}\n\n// ---------- reading ----------\n\nstruct Reader {\n str src\n int i\n}\n\n// the line and column of a position, for a message\nfn where(ptr[Reader] r) -> str {\n line := 1\n col := 1\n for k in 0..r.i {\n if k < r.src.len && r.src[k] == '\\n' {\n line += 1\n col = 1\n } else {\n col += 1\n }\n }\n return \"line \" + str(line) + \", column \" + str(col)\n}\n\nfn peek(ptr[Reader] r) -> char {\n if r.i < r.src.len {\n return r.src[r.i]\n }\n return char(0)\n}\n\nfn skip_space(ptr[Reader] r) {\n while r.i < r.src.len && (r.src[r.i] == ' ' || r.src[r.i] == '\\n' || r.src[r.i] == '\\t' || r.src[r.i] == '\\r') {\n r.i += 1\n }\n}\n\nfn unexpected(ptr[Reader] r, str wanted) -> str {\n if r.i >= r.src.len {\n return \"json: the text ends where \" + wanted + \" should be (\" + where(r) + \")\"\n }\n return \"json: found '\" + str(r.src[r.i]) + \"' where \" + wanted + \" should be (\" + where(r) + \")\"\n}\n\n// does `word` come next?\nfn comes(ptr[Reader] r, str word) -> bool {\n return r.src.len - r.i >= word.len && r.src.sub(r.i, r.i + word.len) == word\n}\n\nfn expect_word(ptr[Reader] r, str word) -> ! {\n if !comes(r, word) {\n return error(unexpected(r, \"'\" + word + \"'\"))\n }\n r.i += word.len\n}\n\nfn hex_value(char c) -> int {\n if c >= '0' && c <= '9' {\n return int(c) - int('0')\n }\n if c >= 'a' && c <= 'f' {\n return int(c) - int('a') + 10\n }\n if c >= 'A' && c <= 'F' {\n return int(c) - int('A') + 10\n }\n return -1\n}\n\n// a code point as UTF-8\nfn utf8(int cp) -> str {\n []u8 b\n if cp < 128 {\n b.push(u8(cp))\n } else if cp < 2048 {\n b.push(u8(192 + cp / 64))\n b.push(u8(128 + cp % 64))\n } else if cp < 65536 {\n b.push(u8(224 + cp / 4096))\n b.push(u8(128 + (cp / 64) % 64))\n b.push(u8(128 + cp % 64))\n } else {\n b.push(u8(240 + cp / 262144))\n b.push(u8(128 + (cp / 4096) % 64))\n b.push(u8(128 + (cp / 64) % 64))\n b.push(u8(128 + cp % 64))\n }\n return str(b)\n}\n\nfn read_hex4(ptr[Reader] r) -> int! {\n n := 0\n for k in 0..4 {\n if r.i >= r.src.len || hex_value(r.src[r.i]) < 0 {\n return error(unexpected(r, \"a hexadecimal digit\"))\n }\n n = n * 16 + hex_value(r.src[r.i])\n r.i += 1\n }\n return n\n}\n\nfn read_string(ptr[Reader] r) -> str! {\n r.i += 1 // the opening quote\n []str parts\n start := r.i\n while true {\n if r.i >= r.src.len {\n return error(\"json: a text is never closed (\" + where(r) + \")\")\n }\n c := r.src[r.i]\n if c == '\"' {\n parts.push(r.src.sub(start, r.i))\n r.i += 1\n return parts.join(\"\")\n }\n if int(c) < 32 {\n return error(\"json: a line break or control character inside a text (\" + where(r) + \")\")\n }\n if c != '\\\\' {\n r.i += 1\n continue\n }\n parts.push(r.src.sub(start, r.i))\n r.i += 1\n e := peek(r)\n r.i += 1\n if e == 'n' {\n parts.push(\"\\n\")\n } else if e == 't' {\n parts.push(\"\\t\")\n } else if e == 'r' {\n parts.push(\"\\r\")\n } else if e == 'b' {\n parts.push(utf8(8))\n } else if e == 'f' {\n parts.push(utf8(12))\n } else if e == '\"' || e == '\\\\' || e == '/' {\n parts.push(str(e))\n } else if e == 'u' {\n cp := try read_hex4(r)\n // a pair of 😀 stands for one character above U+FFFF\n if cp >= 55296 && cp < 56320 && comes(r, \"\\\\u\") {\n r.i += 2\n low := try read_hex4(r)\n cp = 65536 + (cp - 55296) * 1024 + (low - 56320)\n }\n parts.push(utf8(cp))\n } else {\n return error(\"json: unknown escape \\\\\" + str(e) + \" in a text (\" + where(r) + \")\")\n }\n start = r.i\n }\n}\n\nfn read_number(ptr[Reader] r) -> Json! {\n start := r.i\n if peek(r) == '-' {\n r.i += 1\n }\n while r.i < r.src.len && ((r.src[r.i] >= '0' && r.src[r.i] <= '9') || r.src[r.i] == '.' || r.src[r.i] == 'e' || r.src[r.i] == 'E' || r.src[r.i] == '+' || r.src[r.i] == '-') {\n r.i += 1\n }\n n := float(r.src.sub(start, r.i)) or {\n r.i = start\n return error(unexpected(r, \"a number\"))\n }\n return new_number(n)\n}\n\nfn read_value(ptr[Reader] r) -> Json! {\n skip_space(r)\n c := peek(r)\n if r.i >= r.src.len {\n return error(unexpected(r, \"a value\"))\n }\n if c == '{' {\n obj := new_object()\n r.i += 1\n skip_space(r)\n if peek(r) == '}' {\n r.i += 1\n return obj\n }\n while true {\n skip_space(r)\n if peek(r) != '\"' {\n return error(unexpected(r, \"a key in quotes\"))\n }\n key := try read_string(r)\n skip_space(r)\n if peek(r) != ':' {\n return error(unexpected(r, \"':'\"))\n }\n r.i += 1\n v := try read_value(r)\n obj.set(key, v)\n skip_space(r)\n if peek(r) == ',' {\n r.i += 1\n continue\n }\n if peek(r) == '}' {\n r.i += 1\n return obj\n }\n return error(unexpected(r, \"',' or '}'\"))\n }\n }\n if c == '[' {\n list := new_list()\n r.i += 1\n skip_space(r)\n if peek(r) == ']' {\n r.i += 1\n return list\n }\n while true {\n v := try read_value(r)\n list.push(v)\n skip_space(r)\n if peek(r) == ',' {\n r.i += 1\n continue\n }\n if peek(r) == ']' {\n r.i += 1\n return list\n }\n return error(unexpected(r, \"',' or ']'\"))\n }\n }\n if c == '\"' {\n s := try read_string(r)\n return new_text(s)\n }\n if c == 't' {\n try expect_word(r, \"true\")\n return new_bool(true)\n }\n if c == 'f' {\n try expect_word(r, \"false\")\n return new_bool(false)\n }\n if c == 'n' {\n try expect_word(r, \"null\")\n return new_null()\n }\n if c == '-' || (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {\n return try read_number(r)\n }\n return error(unexpected(r, \"a value\"))\n}\n\n// the JSON in `text`; an error with the line and column where it went wrong\nfn parse(str text) -> Json! {\n r := Reader(src: text)\n v := try read_value(addr(r))\n skip_space(addr(r))\n if r.i < r.src.len {\n return error(unexpected(addr(r), \"the end of the text\"))\n }\n return v\n}\n") list.push("// Paths, as text. Elements are separated by \"/\".\n//\n// import path\n// path.join(\"a\", \"b.txt\") a/b.txt\n// path.base(\"/tmp/x/a.tar.gz\") a.tar.gz path.stem(...) a.tar path.ext(...) .gz\n// path.dir(\"/tmp/x/a.txt\") /tmp/x\n// path.clean(\"a//b/../c/./d\") a/c/d\n\n// a and b with one separator between; an absolute b replaces a\nfn join(str a, str b) -> str {\n if a.len == 0 {\n return b\n }\n if b.len == 0 {\n return a\n }\n if b[0] == '/' {\n return b\n }\n if a[a.len - 1] == '/' {\n return a + b\n }\n return a + \"/\" + b\n}\n\nfn is_abs(str p) -> bool {\n return p.len > 0 && p[0] == '/'\n}\n\n// the last element: \"a/b.txt\" -> \"b.txt\", \"a/b/\" -> \"b\", \"\" -> \".\", \"/\" -> \"/\"\nfn base(str p) -> str {\n if p.len == 0 {\n return \".\"\n }\n end := p.len\n while end > 1 && p[end - 1] == '/' {\n end -= 1\n }\n if end == 1 && p[0] == '/' {\n return \"/\"\n }\n start := end\n while start > 0 && p[start - 1] != '/' {\n start -= 1\n }\n return p.sub(start, end)\n}\n\n// everything before the last element: \"a/b.txt\" -> \"a\", \"b.txt\" -> \".\", \"/b\" -> \"/\"\nfn dir(str p) -> str {\n end := p.len\n while end > 1 && p[end - 1] == '/' {\n end -= 1\n }\n i := end\n while i > 0 && p[i - 1] != '/' {\n i -= 1\n }\n if i == 0 {\n return \".\"\n }\n while i > 1 && p[i - 1] == '/' {\n i -= 1\n }\n return p.sub(0, i)\n}\n\n// the part of the last element from its last dot: \"a.tar.gz\" -> \".gz\"; \"\" when there is none\nfn ext(str p) -> str {\n b := base(p)\n i := b.len\n while i > 0 && b[i - 1] != '.' {\n i -= 1\n }\n if i <= 1 { // no dot, or a name that only starts with one (.bashrc)\n return \"\"\n }\n return b.sub(i - 1, b.len)\n}\n\n// the last element without its extension\nfn stem(str p) -> str {\n b := base(p)\n e := ext(p)\n return b.sub(0, b.len - e.len)\n}\n\n// the elements of a path: \"/a/b/c\" -> [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nfn parts(str p) -> []str {\n []str out\n for piece in p.split(\"/\") {\n if piece.len > 0 {\n out.push(piece)\n }\n }\n return out\n}\n\n// the shortest path with the same meaning: no \"//\", no \".\", and \"..\" resolved where it can be\nfn clean(str p) -> str {\n if p.len == 0 {\n return \".\"\n }\n abs := is_abs(p)\n []str out\n for piece in parts(p) {\n if piece == \".\" {\n continue\n }\n if piece == \"..\" {\n if out.len > 0 && out[out.len - 1] != \"..\" {\n out.pop()\n } else if !abs {\n out.push(\"..\")\n }\n continue\n }\n out.push(piece)\n }\n joined := out.join(\"/\")\n if abs {\n return \"/\" + joined\n }\n if joined.len == 0 {\n return \".\"\n }\n return joined\n}\n") list.push("// Programs: run a command, read what it printed, look at the environment.\n//\n// import proc\n// code := proc.run(\"make\") the exit code; what the command prints goes to the screen\n// text := try proc.output(\"git describe\") what the command printed; an error if it failed\n// proc.env(\"HOME\", \"/\") an environment variable, or the second value if it is not set\nimport \"stdlib.h\"\nimport \"unistd.h\"\nimport \"time.h\"\n\n// run a command; its output goes to the screen. Gives its exit code.\nfn run(str command) -> int {\n return shell(command)\n}\n\n// run a command and give what it printed. Fails, with its output as the message, if it exits with an error.\nfn output(str command) -> str! {\n tmp := \"/tmp/finch_out_\" + str(getpid()) + \"_\" + str(int(time(null)))\n code := shell(\"(\" + command + \") > '\" + tmp + \"' 2>&1\")\n text := read_file(tmp) or \"\"\n delete_file(tmp)\n if code != 0 {\n return error(\"'\" + command + \"' exited with code \" + str(code) + \": \" + text.trim())\n }\n return text\n}\n\nfn env(str name, str fallback) -> str {\n v := getenv(name)\n if v.len == 0 {\n return fallback\n }\n return v\n}\n\nfn pid() -> int {\n return int(getpid())\n}\n\n// the folder the program is running in\nfn cwd() -> str {\n []char buf\n for i in 0..4096 {\n buf.push(char(0))\n }\n getcwd(buf.ptr, 4096)\n return str(buf.ptr)\n}\n") diff --git a/src/gen.fch b/src/gen.fch index a375015..b7b3892 100644 --- a/src/gen.fch +++ b/src/gen.fch @@ -1020,6 +1020,21 @@ fn own(ptr[Gen] g, Val v) -> str { // ---------- printing ---------- +// f32 prints the shortest text that is the same f32 (0.1, not 0.100000001) +fn floatName(ast.Type t) -> str { + if t.kind == "f32" { + return "f32" + } + return "float" +} + +fn single(ast.Type t) -> str { + if t.kind == "f32" { + return "1" + } + return "0" +} + fn printf(ptr[Gen] g, str fmt, str args) { f := strGlobal(g, fmt) t := tmpName(g) @@ -1044,7 +1059,7 @@ fn emitPrint(ptr[Gen] g, str v, ast.Type t, bool quoted) { } else if isUnsigned(t) { printf(g, "%llu", "i64 " + intCast(g, v, t, T("u64"))) } else if isFloat(t) { - printf(g, "%g", "double " + floatCast(g, v, t, T("float"))) + emit(g, "call void @finch_print_float(double " + floatCast(g, v, t, T("float")) + ", i32 " + single(t) + ")") } else if k == "char" { z := op(g, "sext i8 " + v + " to i32") if quoted { @@ -1106,7 +1121,7 @@ fn emitFormat(ptr[Gen] g, str buf, str v, ast.Type t, bool quoted) { } else if isUnsigned(t) { emit(g, "call void @finch_buf_uint(ptr " + buf + ", i64 " + intCast(g, v, t, T("u64")) + ")") } else if isFloat(t) { - emit(g, "call void @finch_buf_float(ptr " + buf + ", double " + floatCast(g, v, t, T("float")) + ")") + emit(g, "call void @finch_buf_" + floatName(t) + "(ptr " + buf + ", double " + floatCast(g, v, t, T("float")) + ")") } else if k == "char" { emit(g, "call void @finch_buf_char(ptr " + buf + ", i8 " + v + ", i32 " + q + ")") } else if k == "bool" { @@ -2254,7 +2269,7 @@ fn block(ptr[Gen] g, ast.Node b, bool scope) { } for s in b.kids { if g.term { - fail(g, s, "this code can never run (it comes after return, break or continue)") + fail(g, s, "this code can never run (it comes after return, break, continue or exit)") } stmt(g, s) } @@ -2357,6 +2372,12 @@ fn hasDefaults(ptr[Gen] g, ast.Type t) -> bool { return true } } + // a field that is itself a struct with defaults gets them too + for ft in sd.ftypes { + if ft.kind == "struct" && hasDefaults(g, ft) { + return true + } + } return false } @@ -3492,6 +3513,15 @@ fn unify(ptr[Gen] g, ptr[Val] l, ptr[Val] r) -> bool { return true } if isFloat(l.ty) && isFloat(r.ty) { + // a number written in the code adapts to an f32 on the other side: x * 2.0 stays f32 + if l.ty.kind == "f32" && r.lit { + r.value = Val(v: floatCast(g, r.v, r.ty, l.ty), ty: l.ty) + return true + } + if r.ty.kind == "f32" && l.lit { + l.value = Val(v: floatCast(g, l.v, l.ty, r.ty), ty: r.ty) + return true + } if l.ty.kind == "f32" { l.value = Val(v: floatCast(g, l.v, l.ty, T("float")), ty: T("float")) } @@ -4872,6 +4902,19 @@ fn call(ptr[Gen] g, ast.Node c) -> Val { return Val(v: pl.addr, ty: ast.ptrTo(pl.ty)) } if n == "str" { + if c.kids.len == 2 { + // str(x, 2): a float with that many digits after the point + checkArgs(g, c, 0, 2, n) + x := expr(g, c.kids[0]) + if !isNumber(x.ty) { + fail(g, c.kids[0], "str(x, digits) is for numbers, but this is " + ast.show(x.ty)) + } + x = coerce(g, x, T("float"), c.kids[0], "the number") + d := coerce(g, expr(g, c.kids[1]), T("int"), c.kids[1], "the number of digits") + fixed := strOut(g) + emit(g, "call void @finch_str_fixed(ptr " + fixed + ", double " + x.v + ", i64 " + d.v + ")") + return Val(v: load(g, "{ ptr, i64, i64 }", fixed), ty: T("str"), fresh: true) + } checkArgs(g, c, 0, 1, n) v := expr(g, c.kids[0]) out := strOut(g) @@ -4884,7 +4927,7 @@ fn call(ptr[Gen] g, ast.Node c) -> Val { } else if isUnsigned(v.ty) { emit(g, "call void @finch_str_from_uint(ptr " + out + ", i64 " + intCast(g, v.v, v.ty, T("u64")) + ")") } else if isFloat(v.ty) { - emit(g, "call void @finch_str_from_float(ptr " + out + ", double " + floatCast(g, v.v, v.ty, T("float")) + ")") + emit(g, "call void @finch_str_from_" + floatName(v.ty) + "(ptr " + out + ", double " + floatCast(g, v.v, v.ty, T("float")) + ")") } else if k == "char" { emit(g, "call void @finch_str_from_char(ptr " + out + ", i8 signext " + v.v + ")") } else if k == "bool" { @@ -4998,6 +5041,8 @@ fn call(ptr[Gen] g, ast.Node c) -> Val { t := op(g, "trunc i64 " + code.v + " to i32") f := op(g, "call i32 @fflush(ptr null)") emit(g, "call void @exit(i32 " + t + ")") + emit(g, "unreachable") + g.term = true // like return: an or-block may end with it return Val(ty: T("void")) } if n == "input" { @@ -5200,6 +5245,8 @@ fn construct(ptr[Gen] g, int si, []ast.Node args, []str names, ast.Node at) -> V g.tnames = savedTN g.targs = savedTA g.scopes = savedScopes + } else if ft.kind == "struct" && hasDefaults(g, ft) { + fv = Val(v: defaultVal(g, ft, at), ty: ft, fresh: owning(g, ft)) } else { continue } @@ -5716,6 +5763,10 @@ fn runtimeDecls() -> str { "declare void @finch_str_from_int(ptr, i64)", "declare void @finch_str_from_uint(ptr, i64)", "declare void @finch_str_from_float(ptr, double)", + "declare void @finch_str_from_f32(ptr, double)", + "declare void @finch_str_fixed(ptr, double, i64)", + "declare void @finch_print_float(double, i32)", + "declare void @finch_buf_f32(ptr, double)", "declare void @finch_str_from_char(ptr, i8 signext)", "declare void @finch_str_from_bool(ptr, i32)", "declare i64 @finch_str_to_int(ptr, ptr, i64)", @@ -5747,6 +5798,7 @@ fn runtimeDecls() -> str { "declare void @finch_arr_remove_gap(ptr, i64, i64)", "declare void @qsort(ptr, i64, i64, ptr)", "declare void @finch_args(ptr, i32, ptr)", + "declare void @finch_args_free(ptr)", "declare void @finch_input(ptr, ptr)", "declare i32 @finch_file_exists(ptr)", "declare i32 @finch_str_try_int(ptr, ptr, ptr)", @@ -5846,6 +5898,10 @@ fn generate([]ast.Program progs, []str files, cimport.CImports ci, Options opt) } callText = callText + ")" ret := " ret i32 0\n" + after := "" + if m.params.len == 1 { + after = " call void @finch_args_free(ptr %args)\n" + } if m.fallible { // fn main() -> !: a failure is printed, and the exit code is 1 callText = "%r = " + callText @@ -5854,7 +5910,7 @@ fn generate([]ast.Program progs, []str files, cimport.CImports ci, Options opt) rt := retTy(g, m) pre = pre + " %ok = extractvalue " + rt + " %r, 0\n br i1 %ok, label %main.ok, label %main.bad\nmain.bad:\n" pre = pre + " %m = extractvalue " + rt + " %r, 2\n %mp = alloca { ptr, i64, i64 }\n store { ptr, i64, i64 } %m, ptr %mp\n" - pre = pre + " call void @finch_report_error(ptr %mp)\n ret i32 1\nmain.ok:\n" + pre = pre + " call void @finch_report_error(ptr %mp)\n" + after + " ret i32 1\nmain.ok:\n" if m.ret.kind == "int" { ret = " %v = extractvalue " + rt + " %r, 1\n %code = trunc i64 %v to i32\n ret i32 %code\n" } @@ -5862,6 +5918,6 @@ fn generate([]ast.Program progs, []str files, cimport.CImports ci, Options opt) callText = "%r = " + callText ret = " %code = trunc i64 %r to i32\n ret i32 %code\n" } - g.out.push("define i32 @main(i32 %argc, ptr %argv) {\nentry:\n" + pre + " " + callText + "\n" + ret + "}\n") + g.out.push("define i32 @main(i32 %argc, ptr %argv) {\nentry:\n" + pre + " " + callText + "\n" + after + ret + "}\n") return assemble(g) } diff --git a/src/lexer.fch b/src/lexer.fch index 5fbb2ee..95e6c02 100644 --- a/src/lexer.fch +++ b/src/lexer.fch @@ -144,6 +144,8 @@ fn lex(str src, str path) -> []Token { } } else if isDigit(c) { t.kind = "int" + mant := "" + expStart := 0 if c == '0' && (peek(lx, 1) == 'x' || peek(lx, 1) == 'X') { advance(lx) advance(lx) @@ -161,8 +163,28 @@ fn lex(str src, str path) -> []Token { advance(lx) } } + // an exponent: 1e9, 2.5e-3 + e := peek(lx, 0) + sign := peek(lx, 1) == '+' || peek(lx, 1) == '-' + if (e == 'e' || e == 'E') && (isDigit(peek(lx, 1)) || (sign && isDigit(peek(lx, 2)))) { + if t.kind == "int" { + t.kind = "float" + mant = lx.src.sub(start, lx.i) + ".0" + } + expStart = lx.i + advance(lx) + if sign { + advance(lx) + } + while lx.i < lx.src.len && isDigit(lx.src[lx.i]) { + advance(lx) + } + } } t.text = lx.src.sub(start, lx.i).replace("_", "") + if mant.len > 0 { + t.text = (mant + lx.src.sub(expStart, lx.i)).replace("_", "") // LLVM wants the '.' + } } else if c == '"' || c == '\'' { quote := c t.kind = "string" diff --git a/tests/new/defaults_numbers.fch b/tests/new/defaults_numbers.fch new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e4b7d06 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/new/defaults_numbers.fch @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +// struct defaults apply inside structs too; number literals and float text + +struct Audio { + int rate = 48000 + float volume = 0.8 +} + +struct Mixer { + Audio audio + []Audio extra + int voices = 5 +} + +struct Box[T] { + T item + Audio audio +} + +fn make() -> Mixer { + Mixer m + return m +} + +fn scale(f32 x) -> f32 { + return x * 2.0 + 1 +} + +fn main() { + a := Mixer() + Mixer b + c := Mixer(voices: 2) + list := [Mixer()] + m := ["x": Mixer()] + map[str]Mixer counts + counts["new"].voices += 1 + bx := Box[int]() + print(a.audio.rate, b.audio.volume, c.audio.rate, c.voices, list[0].audio.rate, m["x"].audio.rate) + print(make().audio.rate, counts["new"].audio.rate, counts["new"].voices, bx.audio.rate) + + print(1e3, 2.5e-3, 1E+6, 1_000.5e1, scale(1.5)) + print(1.0 / 3.0, 0.1 + 0.2, 100000000.0, 1e20, 1e-7, float(7), f32(0.1)) + print(str(3.14159, 2), str(2, 1), str(f32(0.1)), "x=" + str(0.25), [0.5, 1.25]) +} diff --git a/tests/new/defaults_numbers.out b/tests/new/defaults_numbers.out new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ebe7250 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/new/defaults_numbers.out @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +48000 0.8 48000 2 48000 48000 +48000 48000 6 48000 +1000 0.0025 1000000 10005 4 +0.3333333333333333 0.30000000000000004 100000000 1e+20 1e-07 7 0.1 +3.14 2.0 0.1 x=0.25 [0.5, 1.25] diff --git a/tests/new/exit_or.fch b/tests/new/exit_or.fch new file mode 100644 index 0000000..79b342b --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/new/exit_or.fch @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// exit(...) ends an or-block, like return +fn load(str p) -> int! { + return error("no such file") +} + +fn main() { + n := load("a.txt") or { + print("stopping:", err) + exit(0) + } + print("never", n) +} diff --git a/tests/new/exit_or.out b/tests/new/exit_or.out new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6b37a2b --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/new/exit_or.out @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +stopping: no such file diff --git a/tests/new/fail/after_exit.fch b/tests/new/fail/after_exit.fch new file mode 100644 index 0000000..89b6c8a --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/new/fail/after_exit.fch @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +// expect: this code can never run (it comes after return, break, continue or exit) +fn main() { + exit(1) + print("x") +} diff --git a/tests/run/modules.out b/tests/run/modules.out index 2886aed..572aef0 100644 --- a/tests/run/modules.out +++ b/tests/run/modules.out @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 5 -(4, 5) of length 6.40312 +(4, 5) of length 6.4031242374328485 Vec(x: 0, y: 0) 10 Box(corner: Vec(x: 0, y: 0), size: Vec(x: 2, y: 5)) total 3