Vector types (SIMD): f32x8, i8x32, f64x4 and the rest; --cpu native

- fNxM / iNxM / uNxM up to 512 bits, as LLVM vectors (<8 x float>): LLVM picks SSE, AVX2,
  AVX-512 or NEON for them
- f32x8(x) in every lane, f32x8(a, ..., h), f32x8(list, i) loads, f32x8(i32x8 v) converts
- + - * / and the bit operators lane by lane, with a plain number on either side counting for every lane;
  v[i], v[i] = x, v.len, == / != (every lane), print and str
- methods: sum min max dot abs sqrt floor ceil round fma store; min/max/abs/clamp lane by lane
- wide vectors (and structs holding them) are loaded and stored with align 16, what malloc and the stack give
- --cpu <name> (and cpu = "..." in finch.toml): native, x86-64-v3, apple-m1, ...
- debug info shows vectors; the language server completes their methods; Kate and VS Code highlight them
- f32 x = -1.5 works: a minus in front of a float written in the code keeps it such a number

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01Psc42moPLwP43Cmb9oZqSR

tests/fail/vec_intdiv.fch

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// expect: no instruction that divides whole numbers lane by lane
+fn main() {
+    a := i32x4(8)
+    print(a / 2)
+}

tests/fail/vec_lane_index.fch

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// expect: index 4
+fn main() {
+    v := i32x4(1)
+    i := 4
+    print(v[i])
+}

tests/fail/vec_lanes.fch

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// expect: f32x4(a, b, ...) takes 4 numbers
+fn main() {
+    print(f32x4(1.0, 2.0, 3.0))
+}

tests/fail/vec_less.fch

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// expect: use min(v, w), max(v, w), or compare lanes: v[i] < w[i]
+fn main() {
+    a := f32x4(1.0)
+    print(a < a)
+}

tests/fail/vec_load_end.fch

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// expect: the 8 numbers of the vector don't all fit in the list there
+fn main() {
+    []f32 data = [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0]
+    print(f32x8(data, 2))
+}

tests/fail/vec_mix.fch

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// expect: can't use '+' on f32x8 and i32x8 (convert one: f32x8(...))
+fn main() {
+    a := f32x8(1.0)
+    b := i32x8(1)
+    print(a + b)
+}

tests/fail/vec_type.fch

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// expect: f32x8(x) puts x in every lane
+fn main() {
+    f32x8 v = 1.0
+    print(v)
+}

tests/run/vectors.fch

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Vectors: N numbers side by side, worked on all at once (SIMD)
+
+struct Particle {
+    f32x8 pos
+    int id = 7
+}
+
+fn scale(f32x8 v, f32 k) -> f32x8 {
+    return v * k
+}
+
+// a dot product of two lists, 8 at a time, with the rest one by one
+fn dot([]f32 a, []f32 b) -> f32 {
+    acc := f32x8(0.0)
+    i := 0
+    while i + 8 <= a.len {
+        acc = f32x8(a, i).fma(f32x8(b, i), acc)
+        i += 8
+    }
+    total := acc.sum()
+    while i < a.len {
+        total += a[i] * b[i]
+        i += 1
+    }
+    return total
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    a := f32x4(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0)
+    b := f32x4(0.5)
+    print(a + b, a * 2.0, 10.0 - a, -a)
+    print(a.sum(), a.min(), a.max(), a.dot(a), a.len)
+    print((a * a).sqrt(), f32x4(1.5, -1.5, 2.5, -0.2).round(), f32x4(1.7).floor(), f32x4(1.2).ceil())
+    print(abs(f32x4(-1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 4.0)), min(a, 2.5), max(a, f32x4(2.0)), clamp(a, 1.5, 3.5))
+
+    // lanes
+    a[0] = 9.0
+    print(a[0], a[3], a)
+    print(a == f32x4(9.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0), a != a)
+
+    // whole numbers, bits, conversions
+    n := i32x8(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
+    print(n * 3 - 1, n << 2, n & 1, ~n, n.sum(), n.max())
+    print(f32x8(n) / 2.0, i32x8(f32x8(2.9)), i16x8(n), u8x16(200).sum())
+    print(abs(i32x4(-3, 3, -7, 0)), min(u8x16(5), u8x16(9)).max())
+
+    // from lists and back
+    []f32 data
+    for i in 0..20 {
+        data.push(f32(i))
+    }
+    v := f32x8(data, 4)
+    print(v)
+    (v * 10.0).store(data, 12)
+    print(data)
+    print(dot(data, data))
+
+    // in structs, arrays, functions, and str()
+    p := Particle(pos: f32x8(1.0))
+    p.pos = scale(p.pos, 3.0)
+    p.pos[7] = 0.5
+    print(p)
+    []f64x4 list
+    list.push(f64x4(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0))
+    list.push(list[0] * list[0])
+    print(list, str(list[1]).len)
+    i64x2 big = i64x2(1 << 40, -5)
+    print(big + big)
+}

tests/run/vectors.out

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+f32x4(1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5) f32x4(2, 4, 6, 8) f32x4(9, 8, 7, 6) f32x4(-1, -2, -3, -4)
+10 1 4 30 4
+f32x4(1, 2, 3, 4) f32x4(2, -2, 3, -0) f32x4(1, 1, 1, 1) f32x4(2, 2, 2, 2)
+f32x4(1, 2, 3, 4) f32x4(1, 2, 2.5, 2.5) f32x4(2, 2, 3, 4) f32x4(1.5, 2, 3, 3.5)
+9 4 f32x4(9, 2, 3, 4)
+true false
+i32x8(2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23) i32x8(4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32) i32x8(1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0) i32x8(-2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9) 36 8
+f32x8(0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4) i32x8(2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2) i16x8(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) 128
+i32x4(3, 3, 7, 0) 5
+f32x8(4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)
+[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110]
+49706
+Particle(pos: f32x8(3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0.5), id: 7)
+[f64x4(1, 2, 3, 4), f64x4(1, 4, 9, 16)] 18
+i64x2(2199023255552, -10)