Finch/src/ast.fch

// The syntax tree of the self-hosted compiler.

// A type as written or resolved.
//   kind: "void" "int" "bool" "char" "float" "str" "null" "ptr" "array" "named" "struct"
//   elem: the element of an array or the target of a ptr (zero or one entry)
//   name, module: structs ("" module = the main file)
struct Type {
    str kind
    []Type elem
    str name
    str module
    int count       // "fixed": [N]T, only inside C structs
}

fn simple(str kind) -> Type {
    return Type(kind: kind)
}

fn arrayOf(Type t) -> Type {
    out := Type(kind: "array")
    out.elem.push(t)
    return out
}

// map[K]V: elem holds the key, then the value
fn mapOf(Type k, Type v) -> Type {
    out := Type(kind: "map")
    out.elem.push(k)
    out.elem.push(v)
    return out
}

fn ptrTo(Type t) -> Type {
    out := Type(kind: "ptr")
    out.elem.push(t)
    return out
}

// f32x8, i8x32, u16x16, f64x4: N numbers of one type side by side, worked on all at once (SIMD).
// Its kind is "vec", elem[0] the type of one lane, count the number of lanes. kind "" if `name` is no such type.
fn vecType(str name) -> Type {
    x := name.find("x")
    if x < 2 || x + 1 >= name.len {
        return Type()
    }
    lane := name.sub(0, x)
    if !["i8", "i16", "i32", "i64", "u8", "u16", "u32", "u64", "f32", "f64"].contains(lane) {
        return Type()
    }
    n := 0
    for c in name.sub(x + 1, name.len) {
        if c < '0' || c > '9' {
            return Type()
        }
        n = n * 10 + (int(c) - int('0'))
    }
    if n != 2 && n != 4 && n != 8 && n != 16 && n != 32 && n != 64 {
        return Type()
    }
    bits := int(lane.sub(1, lane.len)) or 0
    if n * bits > 512 {
        return Type()           // the widest registers (AVX-512) hold 512 bits
    }
    if lane == "i64" {
        lane = "int"
    } else if lane == "f64" {
        lane = "float"
    }
    out := Type(kind: "vec", count: n)
    out.elem.push(simple(lane))
    return out
}

fn same(Type a, Type b) -> bool {
    if a.kind != b.kind {
        return false
    }
    if a.kind == "struct" || a.kind == "named" || a.kind == "enum" {
        return a.name == b.name && a.module == b.module
    }
    if (a.kind == "fixed" || a.kind == "vec") && a.count != b.count {
        return false
    }
    if a.kind == "array" || a.kind == "ptr" || a.kind == "map" || a.kind == "fixed" || a.kind == "vec" {
        if a.elem.len != b.elem.len {
            return false
        }
        for i in 0..a.elem.len {
            if !same(a.elem[i], b.elem[i]) {
                return false
            }
        }
        return true
    }
    return true
}

fn show(Type t) -> str {
    if t.kind == "array" {
        return "[]" + show(t.elem[0])
    }
    if t.kind == "fixed" {
        return "[" + str(t.count) + "]" + show(t.elem[0])
    }
    if t.kind == "vec" {
        lane := t.elem[0].kind
        if lane == "int" {
            lane = "i64"
        } else if lane == "float" {
            lane = "f64"
        }
        return lane + "x" + str(t.count)
    }
    if t.kind == "map" {
        return "map[" + show(t.elem[0]) + "]" + show(t.elem[1])
    }
    if t.kind == "ptr" {
        if t.elem.len == 0 {
            return "ptr"
        }
        return "ptr[" + show(t.elem[0]) + "]"
    }
    if t.kind == "struct" || t.kind == "named" || t.kind == "enum" {
        if t.module.len > 0 {
            return t.module + "." + t.name
        }
        return t.name
    }
    if t.kind == "void" {
        return "nothing"
    }
    return t.kind
}

// One node of the tree, for expressions, statements, functions and structs alike.
//   expressions: int float str char bool null var unary binary call member index array method
//   statements:  decl assign expr if while for each return break continue block
//   top level:   fn param struct field enum variant
//   match:       match (kids: subject, arms...), arm (kids: patterns node, body; flag: the else arm), patterns
struct Node {
    str kind
    str name      // identifier, operator, callee, field or method name
    str recv      // fn Point.move(...): "Point"; empty for a plain function
    []str tparams // fn max[T](...), struct Stack[T], fn Stack[T].push: the type parameters
    str text      // literal text
    Type ty       // declared type (decl, param, field, fn result)
    bool flag     // decl: has a type; or: the right side is a { block }
    bool fallible // fn: -> T!  or  -> !
    bool exported // export fn: a C function of a library (finch build --shared)
    []Node kids
    []str names   // named arguments: Point(x: 1)
    int line
    int col
    int file
    int endLine   // block, fn: the line of the closing }
}

struct Program {
    str module
    str path
    []str imports   // Finch modules, by the name this file uses: import ui/button -> "button"
    []str modules   // which module each is: "ui/button" (import path as p: "path")
    []str cimports  // C headers: import "stdio.h"
    []str cwhere    // where each was written, for error messages
    []str links     // link "glfw", link "mine.c"
    []Node structs
    []Node enums
    []Node fns
    []Node consts   // const NAME = value
    []str tests     // the functions made from test "..." { } blocks, in order
}