// Socket syscalls.
//
// The kernel side is in kernel/net/unix.c; this file is only the translation
// between a syscall's user-supplied `struct sockaddr` and the path string the
// socket layer actually wants, plus the file-descriptor bookkeeping.
//
// Two families now. AF_UNIX is answered by kernel/net/unix.c, AF_INET by
// kernel/net/inet.c on top of lwIP; the socket layer dispatches on the domain
// the socket was created with, so this file's only extra job is to read the
// right shape of sockaddr out of user memory. AF_INET6 is still refused with
// EAFNOSUPPORT rather than EINVAL, because a program that probes for IPv6 and
// falls back to IPv4 needs to tell "not here" from "you passed nonsense".

#include "types.h"
#include "defs.h"
#include "param.h"
#include "mmu.h"
#include "proc.h"
#include "fs.h"
#include "spinlock.h"
#include "sleeplock.h"
#include "file.h"
#include "posix.h"
#include "syscall.h"
#include "uaccess.h"
#include "errno.h"
#include "socket.h"

// Pull the sun_path out of a user `struct sockaddr_un`, NUL-terminated.
//
// The length the caller gives is checked rather than trusted: musl passes
// `offsetof(sockaddr_un, sun_path) + strlen(path) + 1`, which is shorter than
// the full struct, so reading sizeof(struct sockaddr_un) from user memory
// would fault on a path that sits near the end of a page.
static int
fetch_sun_path(addr_t uaddr, int ulen, char *out)
{
    struct sockaddr_un sa;
    int plen;

    if (ulen < (int)sizeof(sa.sun_family) || ulen > (int)sizeof(sa))
        return -EINVAL;

    memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
    if (copy_from_user(&sa, uaddr, (uint64)ulen) < 0)
        return -EFAULT;

    if (sa.sun_family == AF_INET)
        return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
    if (sa.sun_family != AF_UNIX)
        return -EAFNOSUPPORT;

    plen = ulen - (int)sizeof(sa.sun_family);
    if (plen <= 0)
        return -EINVAL;
    if (plen > UNIX_PATH_MAX - 1)
        plen = UNIX_PATH_MAX - 1;

    memmove(out, sa.sun_path, (uint)plen);
    out[plen] = '\0';

    // A NUL inside the copied region is fine -- it just ends the path early,
    // which is what a caller passing the full struct length does.
    out[UNIX_PATH_MAX - 1] = '\0';
    return 0;
}

// Wrap an established socket in a file and a descriptor. Consumes the
// socket's reference on success; on failure the caller still owns it.
//
// `sflags` carries SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK, which socket(), socketpair()
// and accept4() all take and all used to discard.
//
// Discarding them is not harmless in either direction. A dropped SOCK_CLOEXEC
// leaks the descriptor across every exec the process makes -- so a server that
// forks a child holds its listening socket open in it, and the port stays bound
// after the server dies. A dropped SOCK_NONBLOCK is worse: the caller believes
// it has a non-blocking socket, does not select() first, and blocks forever in
// what it thinks is a poll loop.
//
// Both are one line each, and they were masked off with a comment saying they
// were not honoured -- which is exactly the class of quiet lie the rest of this
// file has just been cleaned of.
static int
sock_to_fd(struct socket *s, int sflags)
{
    struct file *f;
    int fd;

    if ((f = filealloc()) == 0)
        return -ENFILE;
    if ((fd = fdalloc(f)) < 0) {
        f->ref = 0;
        return -EMFILE;
    }
    f->type     = FD_SOCKET;
    f->sock     = s;
    f->readable = 1;
    f->writable = 1;
    f->off      = 0;
    f->nonblock = (sflags & SOCK_NONBLOCK) != 0;
    if (sflags & SOCK_CLOEXEC)
        myproc()->ofile_flags[fd] |= FD_CLOEXEC;
    return fd;
}

// Resolve a descriptor to the socket behind it.
static int
argsock(int n, struct socket **ps)
{
    int fd;
    struct file *f;

    if (argint(n, &fd) < 0)
        return -EBADF;
    if (fd < 0 || fd >= NOFILE || !(f = myproc()->ofile[fd]))
        return -EBADF;
    if (f->type != FD_SOCKET)
        return -ENOTSOCK;
    *ps = f->sock;
    return 0;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE(socket)
{
    int domain, type, protocol;
    struct socket *s;
    int fd;

    argint(0, &domain);
    argint(1, &type);
    argint(2, &protocol);

    if (domain != AF_UNIX && domain != AF_INET)
        return -EAFNOSUPPORT;

    // SOCK_CLOEXEC / SOCK_NONBLOCK ride in the high bits of `type`. Split them
    // off rather than discarding them: the type check below wants the low byte,
    // and sock_to_fd wants the flags.
    int sflags = type & (SOCK_CLOEXEC | SOCK_NONBLOCK);
    if (type & ~(0xFF | SOCK_CLOEXEC | SOCK_NONBLOCK))
        return -EINVAL;
    type &= 0xFF;
    if (domain == AF_UNIX && type != SOCK_STREAM)
        return -EPROTOTYPE;
    if (domain == AF_INET && type != SOCK_STREAM && type != SOCK_DGRAM)
        return -EPROTOTYPE;

    // Protocol 0 means "the default for this type". The one non-default we
    // support is a ping socket -- SOCK_DGRAM with IPPROTO_ICMP, Linux's way of
    // letting an unprivileged process do the one thing raw sockets were used
    // for. Anything else is still refused rather than quietly given a socket
    // that speaks a different protocol than the caller asked for.
    if (protocol != 0) {
        if (!(domain == AF_INET && type == SOCK_DGRAM &&
              protocol == IPPROTO_ICMP))
            return -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
    }

    // ENETDOWN rather than ENFILE when the stack itself is not running: the
    // old blanket ENFILE said "file table overflow" for a machine with no
    // network, which is a long way from the truth and a longer way from the
    // fix.
    if (domain == AF_INET && !net_is_ready())
        return -ENETDOWN;

    if ((s = socknew(domain, type, protocol)) == 0)
        return -ENFILE;

    if ((fd = sock_to_fd(s, sflags)) < 0) {
        sockclose(s);
        return fd;
    }
    return fd;
}

// Pull an address and port out of a user `struct sockaddr_in`.
//
// Both come back in network byte order and stay that way: lwIP wants them that
// way, so converting here and back again would be two swaps that cancel.
static int
fetch_sin(addr_t uaddr, int ulen, uint *addr, ushort *port)
{
    struct sockaddr_in sa;

    if (ulen < (int)sizeof(sa))
        return -EINVAL;
    if (copy_from_user(&sa, uaddr, sizeof(sa)) < 0)
        return -EFAULT;
    if (sa.sin_family != AF_INET)
        return -EAFNOSUPPORT;

    *addr = sa.sin_addr;
    *port = sa.sin_port;
    return 0;
}

// Network byte order to host, for a port. The kernel is little-endian and the
// wire is big-endian; lwIP's own ntohs is not reachable from here without
// dragging its headers into the syscall layer.
static ushort
port_from_net(ushort p)
{
    return (ushort)(((p & 0xFF) << 8) | ((p >> 8) & 0xFF));
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE(bind)
{
    struct socket *s;
    addr_t uaddr;
    int ulen, r;
    char path[UNIX_PATH_MAX];

    if ((r = argsock(0, &s)) < 0)
        return r;
    argaddr(1, &uaddr);
    argint(2, &ulen);

    if (sock_domain(s) == AF_INET) {
        uint   ip;
        ushort port;
        if ((r = fetch_sin(uaddr, ulen, &ip, &port)) < 0)
            return r;
        return sockbind_in(s, ip, port_from_net(port));
    }

    if ((r = fetch_sun_path(uaddr, ulen, path)) < 0)
        return r;
    return sockbind(s, path);
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE(listen)
{
    struct socket *s;
    int backlog, r;

    if ((r = argsock(0, &s)) < 0)
        return r;
    argint(1, &backlog);
    return socklisten(s, backlog);
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE(connect)
{
    struct socket *s;
    addr_t uaddr;
    int ulen, r;
    char path[UNIX_PATH_MAX];

    if ((r = argsock(0, &s)) < 0)
        return r;
    argaddr(1, &uaddr);
    argint(2, &ulen);

    if (sock_domain(s) == AF_INET) {
        uint   ip;
        ushort port;
        if ((r = fetch_sin(uaddr, ulen, &ip, &port)) < 0)
            return r;
        return sockconnect_in(s, ip, port_from_net(port));
    }

    if ((r = fetch_sun_path(uaddr, ulen, path)) < 0)
        return r;
    return sockconnect(s, path);
}

// accept(2) and accept4(2) share everything but the flags word.
//
// They are two table entries rather than one with an alias, and the reason is
// the argument count: accept takes three, so a handler that read a fourth
// register would be reading whatever the caller happened to leave there and
// would invent a SOCK_NONBLOCK out of stack litter. That is precisely the bug
// the old `SYSCALL_ALIAS(288, accept)` would have grown the moment the flags
// started being honoured.
static addr_t
do_accept(int sflags)
{
    struct socket *s, *c;
    addr_t uaddr, ulenp;
    int r, fd;

    if ((r = argsock(0, &s)) < 0)
        return r;
    argaddr(1, &uaddr);
    argaddr(2, &ulenp);

    if ((c = sockaccept(s)) == 0)
        return -EINVAL;

    if ((fd = sock_to_fd(c, sflags)) < 0) {
        sockclose(c);
        return fd;
    }

    // The peer address of a Unix socket that never bound a name is the empty
    // one: family AF_UNIX and a zero-length path. Reporting it is optional
    // (both pointers may be null) but a caller that asks must not be left
    // with an uninitialised struct it then prints.
    if (uaddr && ulenp) {
        struct sockaddr_un sa;
        int len = (int)sizeof(sa.sun_family);
        int want = 0;

        memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
        sa.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
        safestrcpy(sa.sun_path, sockname(c), UNIX_PATH_MAX);
        len += (int)strlen(sa.sun_path) + 1;

        if (get_user(want, ulenp) < 0)
            return fd;              // the fd is already live; do not fail it
        if (want > len)
            want = len;
        if (want > 0)
            copy_to_user(uaddr, &sa, (uint64)want);
        put_user(len, ulenp);
    }
    return fd;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE(accept) { return do_accept(0); }

SYSCALL_DEFINE(accept4)
{
    int flags = 0;

    argint(3, &flags);
    if (flags & ~(SOCK_CLOEXEC | SOCK_NONBLOCK))
        return -EINVAL;
    return do_accept(flags);
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE(socketpair)
{
    int domain, type, protocol;
    addr_t usv;
    struct socket *a, *b;
    int fd0, fd1, r;

    argint(0, &domain);
    argint(1, &type);
    argint(2, &protocol);
    argaddr(3, &usv);

    if (domain != AF_UNIX)
        return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
    int sflags = type & (SOCK_CLOEXEC | SOCK_NONBLOCK);
    type &= 0xFF;
    if (type != SOCK_STREAM)
        return -EPROTOTYPE;

    if ((r = sockpair(&a, &b)) < 0)
        return r;

    if ((fd0 = sock_to_fd(a, sflags)) < 0) {
        sockclose(a);
        sockclose(b);
        return fd0;
    }
    if ((fd1 = sock_to_fd(b, sflags)) < 0) {
        myproc()->ofile[fd0] = 0;
        sockclose(a);
        sockclose(b);
        return fd1;
    }

    int sv[2] = { fd0, fd1 };
    if (copy_to_user(usv, sv, sizeof(sv)) < 0) {
        myproc()->ofile[fd0] = 0;
        myproc()->ofile[fd1] = 0;
        sockclose(a);
        sockclose(b);
        return -EFAULT;
    }
    return 0;
}

// Host byte order to network, for a port on its way back to userland. The
// inverse of port_from_net above, and the same two lines: a sockaddr always
// carries the port big-endian, whichever direction it is travelling.
static ushort
port_to_net(ushort p)
{
    return (ushort)(((p & 0xFF) << 8) | ((p >> 8) & 0xFF));
}

// send/recv with no flags are read/write, and sendto/recvfrom are those plus an
// address. Implementing them here rather than leaving them ENOSYS saves every
// ported program from being rewritten to use read() and write().
SYSCALL_DEFINE(sendto)
{
    struct socket *s;
    addr_t ubuf, uaddr;
    int len, flags, ulen, r;
    uint   ip   = 0;
    ushort port = 0;

    if ((r = argsock(0, &s)) < 0)
        return r;
    argaddr(1, &ubuf);
    argint(2, &len);
    argint(3, &flags);
    argaddr(4, &uaddr);
    argint(5, &ulen);

    if (len < 0)
        return -EINVAL;
    char *p = (char *)user_ptr(ubuf, (uint64)len);
    if (len && !p)
        return -EFAULT;

    // A null address is send(), not an error: the socket already knows where
    // it is pointed, which for TCP is the only possibility anyway.
    if (uaddr) {
        if ((r = fetch_sin(uaddr, ulen, &ip, &port)) < 0)
            return r;
        port = port_from_net(port);
    }
    return socksendto(s, p, len, ip, port);
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE(recvfrom)
{
    struct socket *s;
    addr_t ubuf, uaddr, ulenp;
    int len, flags, r;
    uint   ip   = 0;
    ushort port = 0;

    if ((r = argsock(0, &s)) < 0)
        return r;
    argaddr(1, &ubuf);
    argint(2, &len);
    argint(3, &flags);
    argaddr(4, &uaddr);
    argaddr(5, &ulenp);

    if (len < 0)
        return -EINVAL;
    char *p = (char *)user_ptr(ubuf, (uint64)len);
    if (len && !p)
        return -EFAULT;

    r = sockrecvfrom(s, p, len, &ip, &port);
    if (r < 0 || uaddr == 0)
        return r;

    // The address is reported only for the family that has one to report. A
    // Unix socket leaves ip at zero, and the honest answer there is a length of
    // zero rather than a sockaddr full of nothing that a caller would read as
    // 0.0.0.0:0 and believe.
    int alen = 0;
    if (sock_domain(s) == AF_INET) {
        struct sockaddr_in sa;
        memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
        sa.sin_family = AF_INET;
        sa.sin_addr   = ip;
        sa.sin_port   = port_to_net(port);
        alen = (int)sizeof(sa);

        // Truncated rather than refused if the caller's buffer is smaller,
        // which is what accept() and getsockname() do everywhere: the length
        // written back tells them what they got.
        int cap = alen;
        if (ulenp && get_user(cap, ulenp) < 0)
            return -EFAULT;
        if (cap > alen)
            cap = alen;
        if (cap > 0 && copy_to_user(uaddr, &sa, (uint64)cap) < 0)
            return -EFAULT;
    }

    if (ulenp && copy_to_user(ulenp, &alen, sizeof(alen)) < 0)
        return -EFAULT;
    return r;
}

// shutdown(2). Half-close is not modelled -- there is one buffer per
// direction and no per-direction flag -- so SHUT_WR and SHUT_RDWR both mean
// "the peer sees end-of-file", which is the behaviour programs depend on.
SYSCALL_DEFINE(sockshutdown)
{
    struct socket *s;
    int how, r;

    if ((r = argsock(0, &s)) < 0)
        return r;
    argint(1, &how);
    return sock_shutdown(s, how);
}

// setsockopt / getsockopt.
//
// These both used to succeed unconditionally -- setsockopt was `return 0;` and
// getsockopt wrote a zero for every option asked about. The comment said it was
// so that a server setting SO_REUSEADDR and treating failure as fatal would not
// fail.
//
// That trade is the wrong way round, and it is worth being precise about why,
// because "accept and ignore" looks like the kind thing to do. A caller that
// gets ENOPROTOOPT knows the option did not take effect and can decide what to
// do. A caller that gets success *changes its behaviour on the strength of it*:
// it sets SO_RCVTIMEO and then blocks forever in a read it believes will time
// out; it sets TCP_NODELAY and reports latency numbers that measure Nagle. The
// failure is silent, remote from the call, and indistinguishable from a bug in
// the protocol stack.
//
// So the rule here is the one the rest of this kernel already follows: do it,
// or say you did not. The four options below are genuinely applied to lwIP's
// pcb; the readable ones report the truth; everything else is ENOPROTOOPT.
//
// SO_REUSEADDR is honoured rather than refused precisely because of the
// original comment's concern -- it is the one option a server really does set
// and really does check.

// Fetch the int a setsockopt call is passing. Every option handled here is an
// int; anything wanting a struct (SO_RCVTIMEO and friends) is refused above.
static int
opt_in(addr_t uval, int ulen, int *out)
{
    if (!uval || ulen < (int)sizeof(int))
        return -EINVAL;
    return get_user(*out, uval) < 0 ? -EFAULT : 0;
}

// Hand one int back, and report how many bytes that was.
static int
opt_out(addr_t uval, addr_t ulenp, int val)
{
    int want = 0;

    if (!uval || !ulenp)
        return -EFAULT;
    if (get_user(want, ulenp) < 0)
        return -EFAULT;
    if (want < (int)sizeof(int))
        return -EINVAL;
    if (put_user(val, uval) < 0)
        return -EFAULT;
    want = sizeof(int);
    return put_user(want, ulenp) < 0 ? -EFAULT : 0;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE(setsockopt)
{
    struct socket *s;
    addr_t uval;
    int level, name, ulen, val, r;

    if ((r = argsock(0, &s)) < 0)
        return r;
    argint(1, &level);
    argint(2, &name);
    argaddr(3, &uval);
    argint(4, &ulen);

    if ((r = opt_in(uval, ulen, &val)) < 0)
        return r;
    return sockopt_set(s, level, name, val);
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE(getsockopt)
{
    struct socket *s;
    addr_t uval, ulenp;
    int level, name, val = 0, r;

    if ((r = argsock(0, &s)) < 0)
        return r;
    argint(1, &level);
    argint(2, &name);
    argaddr(3, &uval);
    argaddr(4, &ulenp);

    if ((r = sockopt_get(s, level, name, &val)) < 0)
        return r;
    return opt_out(uval, ulenp, val);
}