Sixty-five headers sat side by side in include/, so `#include "irq.h"`
said nothing about where irq.h was or what it belonged to, and errno.h,
stat.h and fcntl.h at the top shadowed the system's for any host tool
built with -I./include. They are in folders now -- arch/ core/ fs/
dev/ gfx/ net/ uapi/ (and ldls/ for the Linux driver layer) -- and
every include names the folder, as Linux's do: "core/proc.h".
Done mechanically and checked the hard way: the kernel built from this
tree disassembles identically to the one built from the tree before
it. The full image boots, and userland is the same set of programs.
Paths in docs and comments follow; docs/guides/layout.md has a table
of what is where, and tools/fix-includes.py rewrites old-style
includes from the folders in the tree, for code written before this.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01S1giNvrHTrPMPw7V6x1kQ4
Nexoniarz is the sole author and SchOS was never published under
Apache-2.0, so this is a straight relicence. LICENSE is the FSF GPLv2 text,
every first-party SPDX header moves to GPL-2.0-or-later, and NOTICE,
README.md, docs/licensing.md and the site say so. projects/schfs-linux
follows the rest of the tree.
The GPL gives copyleft: a fork has to ship its source. It also lifts the
old "Linux drivers, never" rule, since GPL-2.0-only code combines with
GPL-2.0-or-later. "Or later" leaves room for GPLv3, but one binary still
has to pick one version, so docs/licensing.md now keeps Apache-2.0 and
GPLv3 code out of the kernel to keep Linux code possible there. BSD
4-clause code goes from "avoid" to "no", because the advertising clause
is GPL-incompatible.
LDLS still ships no .ko. That boundary is now project policy rather than
a legal requirement, and ldls.md, devices.md and licensing.md section 6
say so. refmod declares license=GPL, and ldls-check passes (27 checks).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
e1000 -- Linux's, unmodified -- probes, opens, gets an address by DHCP and
carries ping traffic in a SchOS process. The kernel was driving that NIC and
gave it up, which makes it the first real handover as well as the second
driver.
None of what it needed was a missing feature. Every one was a call that
succeeded, returned zero and did nothing:
_find_next_bit "bit 0 is set" -- for_each_cpu never ended
netif_carrier_off carrier already up -- TCTL.EN never set
__x86_indirect_thunk_r8 the jump discarded -- 255 rx buffers, none made
dma_map_page_attrs bus address 0 -- NIC aimed at physical 0
so the rule from memcpy is now general: a stub returning zero is unsafe
wherever zero is a meaningful answer.
The loader grew ko_fixup_percpu(). The stack guard turned out to be one
per-CPU variable among several; `current` cannot be defused because the driver
dereferences it. Taking the %gs off instead leaves the same opcode reading the
same width from storage the host supplies -- a per-CPU variable in a
single-threaded host is just a variable. Eight bytes become seven and a nop,
and the displacement is not always last, so there is now just enough of an x86
decoder in ko.c to know how long the instruction is.
ldls/kpi/thunk.c is fifteen lines of assembly and the highest-value file here:
retpolines are control flow, and a stub cannot stand in for a jump.
The kernel side:
- ioperm.c, the TSS I/O permission bitmap. A driver's outl is an instruction,
not a call, and e1000's reset path picks it deliberately. IOPL=3 would hand
over the PIC and the disk with it, so it is per-port. Writing it found that
the I/O map base had been written at offset 64 rather than 102, leaving the
CPU checking ports 0-831 against the TSS's own RSP0.
- claim masks the device's IRQ line: 450,000 a second, otherwise.
- net_detach(), the missing half of net_attach_late(). An interface left in
the stack keeps its route and sends every frame to a driver that refuses
it, which looks exactly like a userspace driver that does not work.
- e1000_release() gives up the interface, not just the hardware.
8139too still passes 4/4; ldls-check still passes 27; four CPUs, no panic.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01VQ7Qx8E1q1M1bbCq8QLHS2
L4 was listed as "free -- H2 built all of this" and never actually tested,
which is a claim rather than a result. Tested now, and it holds:
ldlsd running ping 2/2; holds index 7 and DMA slots 3 and 4
killed interface DOWN, device released, bus mastering
cleared, DMA reclaimed -- back to vgpud's 3 blocks
ping fails honestly: sendto: -5
a second ldlsd ping 3/3, and the arena hands back the same addresses
pciuser_release_all() and netuser_release_all() sit beside each other in
exit() for the same reason, and that they apply unchanged to a foreign driver
is the whole point of having built them against our own.
With that, every milestone on ldls.md is done, so it leaves docs/plan/ for
docs/architecture/ -- the rule docs/plan/README.md states and the one that
keeps the two directories meaning different things. The new document describes
what is, not what was planned: the five rules, the four pieces, what it costs
(polling, no stack protector, locks that are no-ops), that it can be killed,
and a "what it does not do" that leads with one driver, one kernel version,
tried once.
Sixteen source files pointed at docs/plan/ldls.md and would have been dangling
the moment it moved. All repointed, and the milestone references -- which the
architecture doc deliberately does not have -- rewritten to name sections
instead, so a reader lands somewhere real.
The register row closes with it. hybrid.md freed a slot, ldls.md took it, and
it is now free again.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01VQ7Qx8E1q1M1bbCq8QLHS2
docs/plan/ldls.md L3d, and with it L3 -- the milestone the plan calls the one
that proves the whole idea and the one that cannot be skipped.
# ldlsd /lib/modules/8139too.ko /lib/modules/btf &
kpi: the driver read a MAC off the hardware: 52:54:00🆎cd:ef
ndo_open returned 0
carrying frames. the interface is ldls0.
# cat /proc/netif
interface ldls0 state up address 10.9.0.15 gateway 10.9.0.2
# ping 10.9.0.2 4
64 bytes from 10.9.0.2: icmp_seq=1 time=30 ms
64 bytes from 10.9.0.2: icmp_seq=2 time=20 ms
64 bytes from 10.9.0.2: icmp_seq=3 time=20 ms
64 bytes from 10.9.0.2: icmp_seq=4 time=20 ms
10.9.0.0/24 is reachable only through ldls0, and ldls0 is 8139too running in a
SchOS process. The address was obtained by DHCP over the same driver first.
lwIP -> netdev_ops -> /dev/netdev -> ldlsd -> ndo_start_xmit -> a BAR mapped by
/dev/pci -> the wire, and the whole way back. Nothing in the kernel knows a
Linux driver is involved; nothing in the driver knows it is not in Linux.
It polls rather than taking interrupts. /dev/pci delivers them by blocking
read(), which needs a thread this program does not have, so the driver's NAPI
poll is called from a loop instead -- the same work in a context LDLS can
provide, at the cost of latency and a spinning process.
Four things Linux's alloc_etherdev does that allocating does not, each found by
the driver faulting on it: dev->dev_addr is a pointer aimed at perm_addr;
dev->mc and dev->uc are list heads and are empty only when they point at
themselves; dev->_tx is an array of netdev_queue, because netif_start_queue
clears a bit in _tx[0].state; and __LINK_STATE_START is set by dev_open before
ndo_open is called.
Two did not announce themselves, and they are the ones worth recording.
netif_running(dev) gates 8139too's receive loop. Without it the chip received
the frame, the driver acknowledged the interrupt and left the loop, and nothing
came out -- while every counter said packets were arriving. Found by reading
the chip's own CBR register through the BAR and seeing the hardware had written
600 bytes the driver never collected.
memcpy was still a logging stub. The driver copied each frame into its sk_buff,
the copy did not happen, and the stack was handed exactly the right length of
zeroes; DHCP never completed and nothing reported an error. A stub that returns
zero is not safe for a function whose whole job is a side effect, and the
memory primitives are the worst case because they fail silently and plausibly.
ldls/kpi/string.c exists because of it.
Still one driver, one kernel version, tried once, against an emulated card --
which is what the plan has always promised and is worth repeating next to a
working ping.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01VQ7Qx8E1q1M1bbCq8QLHS2
docs/plan/ldls.md milestone L3c. ldls/kpi/ implements 41 of 8139too's 94
symbols rather than logging them: register access to a mapped BAR, the PCI
calls to /dev/pci, allocation to mmap and PCIIOC_DMA, register_netdev to
/dev/netdev.
# ldlsd /lib/modules/8139too.ko /lib/modules/btf
found 10ec:8139 at 00:05.0
bar 1 0x0000000081060000 256 mem
calling probe, with 41 of 94 symbols implemented
kpi: mapped BAR 1 -- phys 0x0000000081060000, 256 bytes
kpi: the driver read a MAC off the hardware: 52:54:00🆎cd:ef
netuser: ldls0 is a process now, 52:54:0🆎cd:ef
probe returned 0 after 0 stub call(s)
52:54:00🆎cd:ef is what the machine was configured with. Nothing invented
it: the driver bit-banged the card's EEPROM, serially, through a BAR mapped by
/dev/pci, and handed back what it found. That it matches means the loader, the
relocations, the BTF offsets, the BAR mapping and the register accessors are
all correct at once, which is why it was the thing to aim at. Zero stub calls:
every symbol probe reaches is implemented.
Two bugs, one of them the kernel's.
Mine first: pci_iomap checked a failed mmap for -1 only, while SchOS returns
-errno. It returned -13 as a pointer, the driver took that as its register
base, and the first write landed at 0x4e -- thirteen below where it meant to
be.
Underneath it, the real one. sys_mmap rounds a length up to a page, the only
granularity an MMU has, and pciuser_mmio_ok() compared that against the BAR's
own size. rtl8139's registers are 256 bytes, the request became 4096, and the
answer was -EACCES for a device the process legitimately held. A BAR smaller
than a page could never be mapped at all, and nothing had noticed because the
only consumer until now was virtio-gpu, whose BARs are large. The check is now
against the pages the BAR lies in, and the widening is named where it happens:
a sub-page BAR hands over the whole page, forced by the hardware rather than
chosen.
That is exactly what hybrid.md said a foreign driver would be good for --
"what it asks for is what a foreign driver would ask for too" -- arriving as a
concrete bug rather than a prediction.
kpi_io_ok() now bounds every ioread/iowrite against the mapping pci_iomap
returned. A stray access would otherwise be a page fault with no context, and
with no IOMMU a hosted driver's wild writes have to be caught early or not at
all. It is also what turned the fault above into two lines naming the offsets.
Not done, and said so in the output rather than only in the doc: no frame has
moved. ndo_open is never called and there is no transmit or receive path, so
ldlsd releases the interface instead of leaving it up -- a link that reports
itself up with nothing draining its queue is a black hole, and the stack would
send DHCP into it for ever. Down is the true answer until packets move. That
is L3d, now listed separately.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01VQ7Qx8E1q1M1bbCq8QLHS2
Nexoniarz