SchOS/docs
Repository files (latest commit first)
Filename Latest commit message Latest commit date
Nexoniarz 0331d548c4 net: an RTL8139 driver, and the e1000 stops refusing the PCIe parts
Two NICs, and unlike the RTL8111 last commit, QEMU emulates both -- so both
are tested rather than reasoned about.

**RTL8139** is its own driver and not a mode of the 8169, because it is its own
chip. No descriptor rings: the receiver is one circular buffer the chip writes
packets into back to back behind four-byte headers, and the transmitter is four
fixed slots. Putting both programming models behind one set of function
pointers is how a mode flag ends up threaded through every path.

Three details are the whole driver. CAPR runs sixteen bytes behind the true
read position -- a quirk of the part, not an off-by-one. WRAP means the chip
runs a packet past the end of the buffer rather than splitting it, so the 8 KB
buffer is allocated as 8 KB + 16 + one maximum frame; getting that wrong is a
chip writing past its allocation at line rate. And a length field of 0xFFF0
means "still writing this one", so treating it as a length copies a partial
packet and loses the alignment for everything after it.

**The e1000 now matches the PCIe 8257x parts.** Its header refused them, with
a note saying they "differ in NVM access and initialisation, and claiming a
device this driver has not been shown to initialise is worse than not claiming
it". That was right, and the second half is answerable: QEMU emulates the
82574L, so it can be *shown* to initialise.

What differs turned out to be one register. EERD moved its address field from
bits 8-15 to bits 2-15 and its done bit from 4 to 1; the rings, RCTL, TCTL and
ICR are identical. So there is a per-instance flag for the NVM layout and seven
more ids -- not a second copy of four hundred lines of ring code. The wrong
pair of constants fails silently, reading the wrong word or waiting for a bit
that never sets, and the MAC comes out as zeroes; that is why it is named in
the header rather than papered over.

Still refused: the ICH/PCH parts (82562, 82577-82579, I217-I219), which put the
PHY behind a MAC-PHY interconnect and need a different bring-up nothing here
can test.

Tested, each booted alone: rtl8139 (10ec:8139) and 82574L (8086:10d3) both bind,
read a real MAC, complete DHCP and ping 4 of 4 with no loss. The classic
82540EM does the same, which is the regression that mattered for the NVM
change. Both supported display configurations: one boot each, no traps, no
panics, socktest and memfdtest green.

Also recorded: the Chromebox CN62 carries an RTL8111, not an Intel part, so
last commit's driver covers it too.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-09-24 15:30:38 +02:00
..
architecture net: an RTL8139 driver, and the e1000 stops refusing the PCIe parts 2026-09-24 15:30:38 +02:00
branding smp: a verbose boot triple-faulted, and vgpud drew a test card 2026-09-22 10:50:53 +02:00
guides docs: the tree moved and the documentation did not 2026-09-13 20:05:06 +02:00
history smp: every stack on every AP was misaligned by eight 2026-09-23 19:37:35 +02:00
niveus site: rebuilt on Niveus, and the palette stops being a copy 2026-09-23 14:40:09 +02:00
plan gfx: one glyph blitter, and a terminal cell is a surface 2026-09-23 17:57:16 +02:00
Website site: "what it has" is a rail you move along, not a wall you skim 2026-09-23 14:45:36 +02:00
licensing.md userland: 268 applets, an editor, names that resolve, and a web server 2026-09-14 19:24:55 +02:00
README.md branding: one mark, and PSOGM draws it 2026-09-21 21:35:58 +02:00

SchOS documentation

Four kinds of document, kept in four directories, because they answer four different questions and go stale at four different rates.

architecture/ What SchOS is Present tense. Describes what is built and working.
plan/ What SchOS will be Future tense. Everything here is unbuilt.
guides/ How to work on it Imperative. Build it, test it, add to it.
history/ Why it is the way it is Past tense. Bugs whose cause is not visible from the fix.

Plus two that belong to no category and apply to everything: licensing.md — read it before copying anyone else's code in — and branding/, which holds the marks and the rules for using them.


The rule that keeps this from rotting

When something is finished, it moves from plan/ to architecture/ and is rewritten as a description of the thing rather than a record of building it.

A completed item is not a ticked checkbox. A ticked checkbox says the work happened; it does not say what the work produced, and six months later the checkbox is the only thing left and it explains nothing.

So finishing a piece of work has three steps, and the third is not optional:

  1. The code works and is tested.
  2. The plan entry is deleted.
  3. A description exists in architecture/ written for somebody who was not there — what it does, what shape it has, what it costs, and what it still does not do.

This is not bookkeeping. The tree has already proved it necessary: the network stack was finished, verified end to end, and for a month afterwards the only description of it anywhere was a checkbox in a roadmap, four levels of indentation deep, written in the past tense of somebody arguing for the work rather than explaining the result.

The "what it does not do" section is the one that pays. Every description in architecture/ ends with one. A document that only lists a subsystem's strengths is marketing, and the reader who most needs the document is the one about to trip over a limitation nobody wrote down.


Start here

New to the tree → architecture/README.md, the system layer by layer, then guides/layout.md for where the files are.

Trying to build it → guides/building.md.

Wondering what happens next → plan/1.0.md, which is the finish line and the register of everything half-built. Then plan/README.md for the order.

About to start something new → the register, first. Nothing new starts while it has rows in it, and a row leaves only by being finished or deleted.

Something is broken and it feels familiar → history/. There is a good chance it is in there.


architecture/ — what SchOS is

README The system, layer by layer. Read first.
boot.md Firmware to the first userspace process.
kernel.md SchIFT: memory, processes, scheduling, traps, signals, SMP.
syscalls.md The call table, and the Linux personality that lets real software run.
filesystem.md The VFS, the buffer cache, procfs, mounts.
schfs.md SchFS: the copy-on-write root filesystem.
devices.md The device model, driver binding, the class vtables.
usb.md xHCI, the USB core, and the class drivers.
graphics.md Framebuffer, text rendering, console, and the crash screen.
terminals.md The six virtual terminals, and how one is switched to.
networking.md Drivers, lwIP, sockets — Unix and INET.
init.md schinit, PID 1 as a role, and the job manifests.

plan/ — what SchOS will be

README The three current decisions and the order they happen in.
1.0.md The finish line, and the freeze. What 1.0 contains, what is deferred, and the register of every half-built thing in the tree.
foundations.md The kernel work everything else is blocked on.
wayland.md The GUI stack, and what gets deleted to make room.
hybrid.md Moving drivers out of the kernel.
schapi.md The long-term API layering, and the compatibility promise.
roadmap.md Everything else still open.

guides/ — how to work on it

building.md Prerequisites and the build, per host.
testing.md The harnesses, and what each one actually proves.
layout.md Repository map, and how to add a program or a port.
adding-a-driver.md Writing one, binding it, publishing its class vtable.

branding/ — the marks

README Shift, the one mark: what it is for, the colour rule, why an icon and a mascot were removed, and why a raster is committed next to its SVG.

history/ — why it is the way it is

README What belongs in here and what does not.
kernel.md Bugs whose cause was nowhere near their symptom.
schfs.md The filesystem's own, from the same period as its design.
moving-to-linux.md The Windows-to-Fedora move, kept for the parts that recur.

Writing one of these

Four conventions, all of them observable in the existing files:

State the cost. Every design choice gave something up. A document that does not say what is a document that will be argued with later by somebody who only sees the downside.

Prefer the measured number to the remembered one. "500 of 3565 files carry the advertising clause" is worth more than "some do", and it was worth the minute it took to count.

Write down the bug that shaped it. Half the non-obvious code in this tree is non-obvious because something failed once. If a design is strange, the strangeness is load-bearing and the reader deserves to know why before changing it.

No dates in headings. A date in a heading turns a description into a changelog, and the description is the thing with a long life. Dates belong in history/, where they mean something.