SchOS/kernel/dev/gfx.c

// Drawing and the text console, on whatever display is bound. See include/gfx.h
// for why this is not a driver and does not name one.
//
// It was kernel/dev/vga.c, and the name was the problem: panic.c called
// gfx_fill_rect, console.c called gfx_putc, /dev/fb0 called gfx_fb_phys. None
// of this code is VGA-specific -- it is bitmap drawing over a linear
// framebuffer -- and the one part that genuinely was is now the driver, in
// kernel/drivers/gpu/vga/.
//
// The framebuffer arrives through gfx_attach_scanout() rather than being read
// out of the boot block here. That is the whole of the inversion: a driver
// publishes what it owns, and this file draws on it without knowing what it is.

#include "types.h"
#include "x86.h"
#include "memlayout.h"
#include "defs.h"
#include "theme.h"
#include "font.h"
#include "logo.h"
#include "device.h"
#include "display.h"
#include "gfx.h"
#include "vt.h"
#include "text.h"
#include "ttf.h"

#define BACKSPACE 0x100
#define COLOR_BG SCH_BG

// The cell size, and why it is not a constant any more.
//
// It was 8x16, the size of the built-in bitmap font, and everything in this
// file multiplied by it. That font is CP437: 256 glyphs, no Ą, no Ę, no Ś, no
// Ω, no ∞. Those did not come out wrong, they came out as `?`, because the
// grid could not hold a codepoint above 255 and mapped what it could not keep.
//
// So the console draws from a real typeface now, and a real typeface decides
// its own metrics. These start at the bitmap's size because the console has to
// work from the first panic onwards -- before gfx_font_init() has run there is
// no font, and 8x16 against font_data is exactly what there always was.
// The bitmap's own geometry, which is fixed forever: font_data is
// `uchar[256][16]` and each row is eight bits. Naming it separately from the
// cell size is not pedantry -- the two were the same number, then one of them
// started moving, and the code that kept indexing font_data by the moving one
// read straight off the end of every glyph.
#define BITMAP_W 8
#define BITMAP_H 16

static int cell_w = BITMAP_W;
static int cell_h = BITMAP_H;

#define CHAR_WIDTH  cell_w
#define CHAR_HEIGHT cell_h

// The typeface, once there is one. `cfont` is the switch: null means fall back
// to the bitmap, which is what early boot and any font failure get.
static struct ttf   consttf;
static struct font *cfont;
static int          cfont_baseline;

static uint32 blend(uint32 bg, uint32 fg, uint a);
static void   draw_glyph_px(int x, int y, uint32 cp, uint32 fg, uint32 bg);

// The scanout, as published by whichever driver owns the display. Zeroed until
// one does, and every entry point checks `fb` before touching memory -- a
// kernel that panics before any display driver has run still has to be able to
// call in here and do nothing gracefully.
static struct fb_info scanout;
static volatile uchar *fb;

static int cursor_x = 0;
static int cursor_y = 0;
// Current fill color for glyph backgrounds, backspace erase, and scroll --
// normally COLOR_BG, but panic() switches this to paint the whole console a
// solid color (e.g. PSOGM's purple) instead of leaving cream-colored boxes
// around each character.
static uint32 gfx_bg = COLOR_BG;

void
gfx_attach_scanout(const struct fb_info *info)
{
  scanout = *info;
  fb      = info->ptr;

  // Tell the terminals how big the screen actually is. They were sized before
  // this driver existed -- the PCI bus is walked long after the terminals are
  // set up -- so until this call every grid is the 80x24 fallback. See
  // vt_resize().
  vt_resize();
}

const struct fb_info *
gfx_scanout(void)
{
  return fb ? &scanout : 0;
}

void
gfx_set_bg(uint32 color)
{
  gfx_bg = color;
}


// The mode that was actually set. Exported because the resolution is chosen at
// boot now (press R -- see boot/bios/stage2.S), so nothing above may assume it.
uint32
gfx_width(void)
{
  return scanout.width;
}

uint32
gfx_height(void)
{
  return scanout.height;
}

void
gfx_draw_pixel(int x, int y, uint32 color)
{
  if (!fb || x < 0 || x >= scanout.width || y < 0 || y >= scanout.height)
    return;

  uint32 offset = (y * scanout.stride) + (x * (scanout.bpp / 8));

  if (scanout.bpp == 32) {
    *(volatile uint32*)(fb + offset) = color;
  } else if (scanout.bpp == 24) {
    fb[offset]     = color & 0xFF;
    fb[offset + 1] = (color >> 8) & 0xFF;
    fb[offset + 2] = (color >> 16) & 0xFF;
  } else if (scanout.bpp == 16) {
    uint16 c16 = (((color >> 19) & 0x1F) << 11) | (((color >> 10) & 0x3F) << 5) | ((color >> 3) & 0x1F);
    *(volatile uint16*)(fb + offset) = c16;
  }
}

void
gfx_clear(uint32 color)
{
  for (int y = 0; y < scanout.height; y++) {
    for (int x = 0; x < scanout.width; x++) {
      gfx_draw_pixel(x, y, color);
    }
  }
}

void
gfx_draw_char(int x, int y, uchar c, uint32 color)
{
  // Pixel-positioned rather than on the grid -- the crash screen lays itself
  // out in pixels because it is a report, not a terminal. Same glyph path as
  // the grid uses, which it did not used to be; see draw_glyph_px().
  draw_glyph_px(x, y, c, color, gfx_bg);
}

void
gfx_puts(int x, int y, char *s, uint32 color)
{
  while (*s) {
    gfx_putc((uchar)*s, color);
    s++;
  }
}

void
gfx_putc(int c, uint32 color)
{
  if (!fb) return;

  if (c == BACKSPACE || c == 0x08 || c == '\b' || c == 127) {
    if (cursor_x >= CHAR_WIDTH) {
      cursor_x -= CHAR_WIDTH;
      for (int i = 0; i < CHAR_HEIGHT; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < CHAR_WIDTH; j++) {
          gfx_draw_pixel(cursor_x + j, cursor_y + i, gfx_bg);
        }
      }
    }
    return;
  }

  if (c == '\n') {
    cursor_x = 0;
    cursor_y += CHAR_HEIGHT;
  } else if (c == '\r') {
    cursor_x = 0;
  } else if (c == '\t') {
    // Advance to the next multiple of eight columns, erasing as it goes so a
    // tab overwrites rather than skipping over stale characters.
    //
    // There was no tab case at all, so '\t' fell through to gfx_draw_char and
    // was drawn as glyph 9 -- which in CP437 is a hollow circle. Pressing Tab
    // printed a circle. Same for every other control character: the font has
    // a picture for each of them, and none of those pictures is what the
    // character means.
    int col = cursor_x / CHAR_WIDTH;
    int stop = (col + 8) & ~7;
    while (col < stop && cursor_x < (int)scanout.width) {
      for (int i = 0; i < CHAR_HEIGHT; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < CHAR_WIDTH; j++)
          gfx_draw_pixel(cursor_x + j, cursor_y + i, gfx_bg);
      cursor_x += CHAR_WIDTH;
      col++;
    }
  } else if (c < 32) {
    return;                 // any other control character: not a glyph
  } else {
    gfx_draw_char(cursor_x, cursor_y, (uchar)c, color);
    cursor_x += CHAR_WIDTH;
  }

  if (cursor_x >= scanout.width) {
    cursor_x = 0;
    cursor_y += CHAR_HEIGHT;
  }

  if (cursor_y > (scanout.height - CHAR_HEIGHT)) {
    uint32 line_size = scanout.stride * CHAR_HEIGHT;
    uint32 total_size = scanout.stride * scanout.height;
    uint32 copy_size = total_size - line_size;

    memmove((void*)fb, (void*)(fb + line_size), copy_size);

    for (int y = scanout.height - CHAR_HEIGHT; y < scanout.height; y++) {
      for (int x = 0; x < scanout.width; x++) {
        gfx_draw_pixel(x, y, gfx_bg);
      }
    }
    cursor_y = scanout.height - CHAR_HEIGHT;
  }
}

// --- primitives for the text layer ----------------------------------------
//
// kernel/dev/vt.c owns a grid of cells and needs exactly two things the
// console-cursor interface above cannot give it: draw one cell at a grid
// position with its *own* background, and scroll the whole screen without
// consulting a cursor. Everything else a terminal does is bookkeeping on the
// grid, which is not this file's business.

// One cell, addressed in cells rather than pixels, with its own colours.
// gfx_draw_char paints its background from the file-static gfx_bg, which is
// right for a console that has one background and wrong for a terminal where
// every cell carries its own.
// One glyph, at a pixel position, in a cell-sized box.
//
// Both the console grid and the pixel-positioned text in the crash screen come
// through here, which is the point: they used to be two implementations, and
// only one of them was updated when the cell size stopped being 8x16.
// gfx_draw_char() still walked `font_data[c][row]` for `row < CHAR_HEIGHT` --
// and CHAR_HEIGHT is the *TrueType* cell height now, while font_data has
// exactly 16 rows per glyph. Every line of PSOGM therefore drew five rows of
// the *next character's* bitmap underneath itself. It looked like each line
// had been printed twice.
static void
draw_glyph_px(int x, int y, uint32 cp, uint32 fg, uint32 bg)
{
  if (!fb)
    return;
  if (x < 0 || y < 0 ||
      x + cell_w > (int)scanout.width || y + cell_h > (int)scanout.height)
    return;

  // No font yet: the bitmap, exactly as before. Anything it cannot hold is
  // drawn as a space rather than as the wrong glyph -- `?` was at least honest
  // about being a substitute, and a CP437 picture of something unrelated is
  // not.
  //
  // BITMAP_W/H and not cell_w/h: the bitmap's geometry is a property of
  // font_data, not of whatever the console decided a cell is. They agree
  // whenever cfont is null, and the assert below is what keeps that true.
  if (!cfont) {
    uchar g = cp < 256 ? (uchar)cp : ' ';
    for (int r = 0; r < BITMAP_H; r++) {
      uchar bits = font_data[g][r];
      for (int c = 0; c < BITMAP_W; c++)
        gfx_draw_pixel(x + c, y + r, (bits & (0x80 >> c)) ? fg : bg);
    }
    return;
  }

  // Background first, then the glyph blended over it. The cell is always
  // filled: a terminal cell owns its rectangle, and leaving the old pixels
  // where a narrow glyph does not reach is how ghosting gets in.
  for (int r = 0; r < cell_h; r++)
    for (int c = 0; c < cell_w; c++)
      gfx_draw_pixel(x + c, y + r, bg);

  struct glyph gl;
  if (cp == ' ' || cfont->ops->glyph(cfont, cp, &gl) != 0)
    return;                      // no such glyph: the cell stays background

  // `cov` is w*h bytes of coverage, 0..255, positioned by the bearing from the
  // pen. The pen sits on the baseline at the left of the cell.
  int gx = x + gl.bearing_x;
  int gy = y + cfont_baseline - gl.bearing_y;

  for (int r = 0; r < gl.h; r++) {
    int py = gy + r;
    if (py < y || py >= y + cell_h)
      continue;                  // clip to the cell: a tall glyph must not
    for (int c = 0; c < gl.w; c++) {   // bleed into the line above or below
      int px = gx + c;
      if (px < x || px >= x + cell_w)
        continue;
      uint a = gl.cov[r * gl.w + c];
      if (a == 0)
        continue;
      gfx_draw_pixel(px, py, a == 255 ? fg : blend(bg, fg, a));
    }
  }
}

void
gfx_draw_cell(int col, int row, uint32 cp, uint32 fg, uint32 bg)
{
  draw_glyph_px(col * cell_w, row * cell_h, cp, fg, bg);
}

// Bring the console typeface up. Called once, early, from the display path.
//
// The font is linked into the kernel (see CONSFONT in the Makefile) because
// the console has to work before there is a filesystem -- a panic during boot
// has to be readable.
//
// A size failure is not fatal and not silent: `cfont` stays null and every
// cell keeps coming from the bitmap, which is what this system has always
// drawn. A console that lost its font would be a much worse outcome than one
// that never had a good one.
void
gfx_font_init(void)
{
  extern unsigned char _binary_consfont_start[], _binary_consfont_end[];
  uint32 len = (uint32)(_binary_consfont_end - _binary_consfont_start);
  struct glyph gl;

  if (cfont)
    return;
  // 16 pixels per em. The bitmap it replaces is 16 tall, so the terminal keeps
  // the number of rows it had and nothing that assumed a screenful has to
  // change.
  if (ttf_open(&consttf, _binary_consfont_start, len, 16) != 0)
    return;

  struct font *f = ttf_font(&consttf);
  if (!f)
    return;

  // The cell is as wide as the font's own advance. JetBrains Mono is
  // monospaced, so measuring one glyph measures all of them -- and measuring
  // rather than assuming is what keeps this correct if the font is ever
  // changed for another one.
  if (f->ops->glyph(f, 'M', &gl) != 0 || gl.advance <= 0)
    return;

  int w = gl.advance, h = f->ops->height(f);

  // Checked *before* they are stored. Writing them first and returning on a
  // bad value leaves the console with a cell size no font is drawing at, and
  // the bitmap fallback reading past its own 16-row glyphs.
  if (w < 4 || w > 64 || h < 6 || h > 64)
    return;                      // implausible metrics: keep the bitmap

  cell_w = w;
  cell_h = h;
  cfont_baseline = f->ops->baseline(f);
  cfont = f;
}

// **Nothing here prints.** gfx_font_init() runs before vt_init(), because
// vt_init() has to know how big a cell is before it can work out how many fit
// on the screen -- and by then cons_serial_only may already be clear, so a
// cprintf() would reach vt_current() before there is a current terminal. That
// is a fault during boot with no console to report it on, which is a
// spectacularly unhelpful way to fail.
//
// So main() asks afterwards and says it then.
int
gfx_font_ready(void)
{
  return cfont != 0;
}

void
gfx_cell_size(int *w, int *h)
{
  if (w) *w = cell_w;
  if (h) *h = cell_h;
}

// Move the whole screen up one text row and clear the row it exposes. The
// cursor is not touched: the caller tracks it in cells and knows where it
// wants to be, which is not necessarily where a pixel-scroll would leave it.
void
gfx_scroll_up(uint32 bg)
{
  if (!fb || scanout.height < CHAR_HEIGHT)
    return;

  uint32 line_size  = scanout.stride * CHAR_HEIGHT;
  uint32 total_size = scanout.stride * scanout.height;

  memmove((void*)fb, (void*)(fb + line_size), total_size - line_size);

  for (int y = (int)scanout.height - CHAR_HEIGHT; y < (int)scanout.height; y++)
    for (int x = 0; x < (int)scanout.width; x++)
      gfx_draw_pixel(x, y, bg);
}

void
gfx_screen_reset(void)
{
  gfx_bg = COLOR_BG;
  gfx_clear(COLOR_BG);
  cursor_x = 0;
  cursor_y = 0;
}

/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* Drawing primitives for the crash screen                             */
/*                                                                     */
/* The crash screen lays itself out rather than printing, which needs  */
/* two things the console never did: filled shapes, and text at an     */
/* absolute position that leaves the cursor alone.                     */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */

int
gfx_ready(void)
{
  return fb != 0;
}

void
gfx_dims(int *w, int *h)
{
  if (w) *w = (int)scanout.width;
  if (h) *h = (int)scanout.height;
}

int gfx_char_w(void) { return CHAR_WIDTH; }
int gfx_char_h(void) { return CHAR_HEIGHT; }

/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* Framebuffer geometry                                                */
/*                                                                     */
/* Whatever the attached scanout says, rather than anything read from  */
/* the boot block here -- the driver that owns the display is the only */
/* thing that knows where the pixels are. See kernel/dev/fb.c for the  */
/* device these back.                                                  */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */

uint64 gfx_fb_phys(void) { return scanout.phys; }

// Bytes of framebuffer, measured in scanlines rather than as
// width * height * bpp/8 -- the two differ whenever the card pads its rows,
// and it is the stride that says how far apart two rows really are.
uint64 gfx_fb_size(void)
{
  if (!fb)
    return 0;
  return (uint64)scanout.stride * (uint64)scanout.height;
}

uint32 gfx_fb_stride(void) { return scanout.stride; }
uint32 gfx_fb_bpp(void)    { return scanout.bpp; }

volatile uchar *gfx_fb_ptr(void) { return fb; }

/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* Cursor addressing and erasing                                       */
/*                                                                     */
/* What an ANSI escape parser needs and gfx_putc alone cannot give it: */
/* the ability to put the cursor somewhere specific and to erase a     */
/* region without writing spaces over it. See kernel/core/console.c.   */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */

int gfx_cols(void) { return scanout.width  ? (int)(scanout.width  / CHAR_WIDTH)  : 0; }
int gfx_rows(void) { return scanout.height ? (int)(scanout.height / CHAR_HEIGHT) : 0; }

void
gfx_cursor_get(int *col, int *row)
{
  if (col) *col = cursor_x / CHAR_WIDTH;
  if (row) *row = cursor_y / CHAR_HEIGHT;
}

// Clamped rather than validated: an escape sequence is untrusted input that
// arrives from any program that can write to the terminal, and "CUP to row
// 9999" should put the cursor on the last row, not off the end of the
// framebuffer.
void
gfx_cursor_set(int col, int row)
{
  int maxc = gfx_cols(), maxr = gfx_rows();

  if (maxc <= 0 || maxr <= 0)
    return;
  if (col < 0) col = 0;
  if (row < 0) row = 0;
  if (col >= maxc) col = maxc - 1;
  if (row >= maxr) row = maxr - 1;

  cursor_x = col * CHAR_WIDTH;
  cursor_y = row * CHAR_HEIGHT;
}

// Fill a run of character cells with the background colour.
static void
erase_cells(int col, int row, int count)
{
  int maxc = gfx_cols();

  while (count-- > 0) {
    int x = col * CHAR_WIDTH, y = row * CHAR_HEIGHT;
    for (int i = 0; i < CHAR_HEIGHT; i++)
      for (int j = 0; j < CHAR_WIDTH; j++)
        gfx_draw_pixel(x + j, y + i, gfx_bg);
    if (++col >= maxc) { col = 0; row++; }
  }
}

// ED -- erase in display. 0: cursor to end, 1: start to cursor, 2: all.
void
gfx_erase_display(int mode)
{
  int col, row, maxc = gfx_cols(), maxr = gfx_rows();

  gfx_cursor_get(&col, &row);
  switch (mode) {
  case 0: erase_cells(col, row, (maxr - row) * maxc - col); break;
  case 1: erase_cells(0, 0, row * maxc + col + 1);          break;
  default: gfx_clear(gfx_bg);                               break;
  }
}

// EL -- erase in line. Same three modes, bounded to the current row.
void
gfx_erase_line(int mode)
{
  int col, row, maxc = gfx_cols();

  gfx_cursor_get(&col, &row);
  switch (mode) {
  case 0: erase_cells(col, row, maxc - col); break;
  case 1: erase_cells(0, row, col + 1);      break;
  default: erase_cells(0, row, maxc);        break;
  }
}

// Row pointer computed once per row rather than per pixel. The crash screen
// paints a solid card behind the QR symbol, and at 8 pixels per module that is
// tens of thousands of writes going through gfx_draw_pixel's bounds check and
// multiply.
void
gfx_fill_rect(int x0, int y0, int w, int h, uint32 color)
{
  if (!fb)
    return;
  if (x0 < 0) { w += x0; x0 = 0; }
  if (y0 < 0) { h += y0; y0 = 0; }
  if (x0 + w > (int)scanout.width)  w = (int)scanout.width  - x0;
  if (y0 + h > (int)scanout.height) h = (int)scanout.height - y0;
  if (w <= 0 || h <= 0)
    return;

  // Only the 32bpp case gets the fast path; anything else is rare enough that
  // correctness through gfx_draw_pixel is the better trade.
  if (scanout.bpp != 32) {
    for (int y = y0; y < y0 + h; y++)
      for (int x = x0; x < x0 + w; x++)
        gfx_draw_pixel(x, y, color);
    return;
  }
  for (int y = y0; y < y0 + h; y++) {
    volatile uint32 *row = (volatile uint32 *)(fb + y * scanout.stride) + x0;
    for (int x = 0; x < w; x++)
      row[x] = color;
  }
}

void
gfx_fill_circle(int cx, int cy, int r, uint32 color)
{
  for (int dy = -r; dy <= r; dy++)
    for (int dx = -r; dx <= r; dx++)
      if (dx * dx + dy * dy <= r * r)
        gfx_draw_pixel(cx + dx, cy + dy, color);
}

// Text at an absolute position, leaving the console cursor alone. The crash
// screen lays itself out, so gfx_putc's cursor tracking and scrolling are
// exactly what it does not want.
void
gfx_text_at(int x, int y, const char *s, uint32 color)
{
  for (int i = 0; s[i]; i++)
    gfx_draw_char(x + i * CHAR_WIDTH, y, (uchar)s[i], color);
}

// --- Logo ------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// The boot splash's logo is drawn by the *loader*, not here -- see splash() in
// boot/bios/stage2main.c. It has to be, because the kernel does not reach gfx_init()
// until roughly the last 300ms of a 2.8s boot: drawing it here put the logo on
// screen for one frame before console_takeover() wiped it, which is worse than
// not having one.
//
// What lives here is the same drawing code against the same mask, for the
// things that want the mark *after* boot -- the crash screen, and eventually
// whatever schinit shows. Keeping one copy of the compositing logic is why this
// is not simply deleted.

// Blend `fg` over `bg` by coverage a (0..255). Per-channel, integer only: this
// runs before any floating point is safe to touch.
static uint32
blend(uint32 bg, uint32 fg, uint a)
{
  uint32 r = (((fg >> 16) & 0xFF) * a + ((bg >> 16) & 0xFF) * (255 - a)) / 255;
  uint32 g = (((fg >>  8) & 0xFF) * a + ((bg >>  8) & 0xFF) * (255 - a)) / 255;
  uint32 b = (((fg      ) & 0xFF) * a + ((bg      ) & 0xFF) * (255 - a)) / 255;
  return (r << 16) | (g << 8) | b;
}

void
gfx_draw_logo(int x, int y, uint32 color, uint32 bg)
{
  if (!fb)
    return;
  for (int dy = 0; dy < LOGO_H; dy++) {
    for (int dx = 0; dx < LOGO_W; dx++) {
      uint a = LOGO_INK(dy * LOGO_W + dx);
      // Skip the background rather than painting it. The mask is a square but
      // the mark is a circle, so most of it is empty -- and drawing that empty
      // area in bg would stamp a visible box over whatever is underneath.
      if (a == 0)
        continue;
      gfx_draw_pixel(x + dx, y + dy, a == 255 ? color : blend(bg, color, a));
    }
  }
}

// Centred, for callers that own the whole screen.
void
gfx_logo_centered(int cy, uint32 color, uint32 bg)
{
  if (!fb || scanout.width < LOGO_W)
    return;
  gfx_draw_logo(((int)scanout.width - LOGO_W) / 2, cy - LOGO_H / 2, color, bg);
}