SchOS/docs
Repository files (latest commit first)
Filename Latest commit message Latest commit date
Nexoniarz d7352c0db0 storage: AHCI, GPT/MBR partitions, and a disk a PC can boot
q35 stopped with "no root filesystem" because its disk is SATA, like
every PC since 2008, and SchOS only had IDE. And SchFS could only sit
on a whole raw device, so nothing could boot from a disk that also
carried an ESP.

- include/blkdev.h, kernel/dev/blkdev.c: a registry of block devices
  found at probe time, numbered from 4. A disk's GPT (or MBR) is read
  when it registers, and each partition becomes a device whose block 0
  is the partition's first sector. SchFS needs no format change to live
  in a partition; a Linux SchFS driver will see the same bytes on
  /dev/sdX2. SchFS has its own GPT type:
  47138FA9-B79C-47A6-9F7D-AC1F7F572D5E.
- AHCI driver, written from the AHCI 1.3.1 spec: BIOS handoff,
  COMRESET when the link is down, IDENTIFY, 48-bit DMA read/write,
  FLUSH. Completion is polled, so the root disk does not depend on
  interrupt routing.
- USB sticks also register as usb0, so their partitions are found.
- The root probe tries registered devices between USB and IDE,
  SchFS-typed partitions first.
- make disk / tools/posix/mkdisk.sh: a GPT image with a 64 MB ESP and
  a SchFS partition, ready to dd to a stick or a disk.

Tested in QEMU q35: the old two-disk setup roots on sata1; disk.img as
the only SATA disk roots on sata0p2; disk.img as a USB stick (firmware
boots from it) roots on usb0p2. Writes survive sync in each case.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01HH7xukt4aaiGj1nQEAoQf1
2026-10-22 10:57:41 +02:00
..
architecture storage: AHCI, GPT/MBR partitions, and a disk a PC can boot 2026-10-22 10:57:41 +02:00
branding licence: SchOS is GPL-2.0-or-later, no longer Apache-2.0 2026-10-22 08:48:45 +02:00
guides licence: SchOS is GPL-2.0-or-later, no longer Apache-2.0 2026-10-22 08:48:45 +02:00
history licence: SchOS is GPL-2.0-or-later, no longer Apache-2.0 2026-10-22 08:48:45 +02:00
niveus site: rebuilt on Niveus, and the palette stops being a copy 2026-09-23 14:40:09 +02:00
plan licence: SchOS is GPL-2.0-or-later, no longer Apache-2.0 2026-10-22 08:48:45 +02:00
Website licence: SchOS is GPL-2.0-or-later, no longer Apache-2.0 2026-10-22 08:48:45 +02:00
licensing.md licence: SchOS is GPL-2.0-or-later, no longer Apache-2.0 2026-10-22 08:48:45 +02:00
README.md branding: one mark, and PSOGM draws it 2026-09-21 21:35:58 +02:00

SchOS documentation

Four kinds of document, kept in four directories, because they answer four different questions and go stale at four different rates.

architecture/ What SchOS is Present tense. Describes what is built and working.
plan/ What SchOS will be Future tense. Everything here is unbuilt.
guides/ How to work on it Imperative. Build it, test it, add to it.
history/ Why it is the way it is Past tense. Bugs whose cause is not visible from the fix.

Plus two that belong to no category and apply to everything: licensing.md — read it before copying anyone else's code in — and branding/, which holds the marks and the rules for using them.


The rule that keeps this from rotting

When something is finished, it moves from plan/ to architecture/ and is rewritten as a description of the thing rather than a record of building it.

A completed item is not a ticked checkbox. A ticked checkbox says the work happened; it does not say what the work produced, and six months later the checkbox is the only thing left and it explains nothing.

So finishing a piece of work has three steps, and the third is not optional:

  1. The code works and is tested.
  2. The plan entry is deleted.
  3. A description exists in architecture/ written for somebody who was not there — what it does, what shape it has, what it costs, and what it still does not do.

This is not bookkeeping. The tree has already proved it necessary: the network stack was finished, verified end to end, and for a month afterwards the only description of it anywhere was a checkbox in a roadmap, four levels of indentation deep, written in the past tense of somebody arguing for the work rather than explaining the result.

The "what it does not do" section is the one that pays. Every description in architecture/ ends with one. A document that only lists a subsystem's strengths is marketing, and the reader who most needs the document is the one about to trip over a limitation nobody wrote down.


Start here

New to the tree → architecture/README.md, the system layer by layer, then guides/layout.md for where the files are.

Trying to build it → guides/building.md.

Wondering what happens next → plan/1.0.md, which is the finish line and the register of everything half-built. Then plan/README.md for the order.

About to start something new → the register, first. Nothing new starts while it has rows in it, and a row leaves only by being finished or deleted.

Something is broken and it feels familiar → history/. There is a good chance it is in there.


architecture/ — what SchOS is

README The system, layer by layer. Read first.
boot.md Firmware to the first userspace process.
kernel.md SchIFT: memory, processes, scheduling, traps, signals, SMP.
syscalls.md The call table, and the Linux personality that lets real software run.
filesystem.md The VFS, the buffer cache, procfs, mounts.
schfs.md SchFS: the copy-on-write root filesystem.
devices.md The device model, driver binding, the class vtables.
usb.md xHCI, the USB core, and the class drivers.
graphics.md Framebuffer, text rendering, console, and the crash screen.
terminals.md The six virtual terminals, and how one is switched to.
networking.md Drivers, lwIP, sockets — Unix and INET.
init.md schinit, PID 1 as a role, and the job manifests.

plan/ — what SchOS will be

README The three current decisions and the order they happen in.
1.0.md The finish line, and the freeze. What 1.0 contains, what is deferred, and the register of every half-built thing in the tree.
foundations.md The kernel work everything else is blocked on.
wayland.md The GUI stack, and what gets deleted to make room.
hybrid.md Moving drivers out of the kernel.
schapi.md The long-term API layering, and the compatibility promise.
roadmap.md Everything else still open.

guides/ — how to work on it

building.md Prerequisites and the build, per host.
testing.md The harnesses, and what each one actually proves.
layout.md Repository map, and how to add a program or a port.
adding-a-driver.md Writing one, binding it, publishing its class vtable.

branding/ — the marks

README Shift, the one mark: what it is for, the colour rule, why an icon and a mascot were removed, and why a raster is committed next to its SVG.

history/ — why it is the way it is

README What belongs in here and what does not.
kernel.md Bugs whose cause was nowhere near their symptom.
schfs.md The filesystem's own, from the same period as its design.
moving-to-linux.md The Windows-to-Fedora move, kept for the parts that recur.

Writing one of these

Four conventions, all of them observable in the existing files:

State the cost. Every design choice gave something up. A document that does not say what is a document that will be argued with later by somebody who only sees the downside.

Prefer the measured number to the remembered one. "500 of 3565 files carry the advertising clause" is worth more than "some do", and it was worth the minute it took to count.

Write down the bug that shaped it. Half the non-obvious code in this tree is non-obvious because something failed once. If a design is strange, the strangeness is load-bearing and the reader deserves to know why before changing it.

No dates in headings. A date in a heading turns a description into a changelog, and the description is the thing with a long life. Dates belong in history/, where they mean something.