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126 lines
4.6 KiB
Markdown
126 lines
4.6 KiB
Markdown
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# PIKTURE (PIK)
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**Fast. Small. Easy.**
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PIKTURE is a high-performance, lossless image format designed for systems where decoding speed and binary simplicity are critical. It is built on the **FSE** philosophy: **F**ast execution, **S**mall file size, and **E**asy integration.
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## 🚀 Why PIKTURE?
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Standard formats like PNG are often bottlenecked by heavy decompression algorithms (DEFLATE/ZIP). PIKTURE replaces complex bit-shuffling with a hardware-friendly **INDEX + Delta** encoding. This allows the CPU to stream pixels directly to memory with minimal overhead, acting closer to a memory copy operation than a math-heavy decompression.
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### ✨ Key Features
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- **Lossless:** 100% bit-perfect reproduction of RGBA data.
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- **Ultra-Fast:** Near-memcpy decoding speeds utilizing cache-friendly algorithms.
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- **Hardware Acceleration:** Optional SIMD (AVX/NEON) and OpenMP multithreading support.
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- **Small Footprint:** Two-file C library (`.c` / `.h`) with zero external dependencies.
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- **Endian-Aware:** Cross-architecture compatibility (Little-Endian / Big-Endian).
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- **Smart Alpha:** Automatically optimizes storage when transparency is not used.
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---
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## 📊 Performance Comparison
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Benchmark results for loading a 5K professional image (Sample dimensions: 5120x2880):
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| Format | Load Time | Dimensions |
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| :--- | :--- | :--- |
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| **PIK** | **0.111735 sec** | 5120x2880 |
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| PNG | 0.193990 sec | 5120x2880 |
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*PIKTURE decodes nearly 2x faster than standard PNG implementations on the same hardware without SIMD or OpenMP.*
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---
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## 🛠️ Implementation & Usage
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The core library consists of only two files:
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* `pikture.h` - Contains the data structures (`pikture_t`) and public API declarations.
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* `pikture.c` - Contains the core encoding/decoding logic, hashing, and byte-stream processing.
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### Basic API Example
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Integrating PIKTURE into your C/C++ project is trivial:
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```c
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#include "pikture.h"
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#include <stdio.h>
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int main() {
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// Load an image
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pikture_t* img = pikture_load("image.pik");
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if (!img) {
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printf("Failed to load image!\n");
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return 1;
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}
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printf("Loaded %dx%d image.\n", img->width, img->height);
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// Save an image
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pikture_save("output.pik", img);
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// Free memory
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pikture_free(img);
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return 0;
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}
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```
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---
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## ⚙️ Building & Compilation
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The project is designed to be highly portable. You can compile it using standard GCC/Clang or cross-compile it using the **Zig** toolchain.
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### Build Scripts
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```bash
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# Run the build script to generate static and shared libraries
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./build.sh # UNIX (macOS / Linux)
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./build.bat # WINDOWS
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```
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### Advanced Compilation Flags
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You can enable hardware-specific optimizations by passing the following preprocessor directives during compilation:
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* `-DPIKT_USE_SIMD` : Enables vectorized instructions (AVX/SSE for x86_64, NEON for ARM64) to process multiple pixels per clock cycle.
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* `-DPIKT_USE_THREADS` : Enables OpenMP multithreading. Divides the decoding/encoding workload across multiple CPU cores (perfect for large 4K/8K images).
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**Example compilation with optimizations (GCC):**
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```bash
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gcc -O3 -DPIKT_USE_SIMD -DPIKT_USE_THREADS -fopenmp main.c pikture.c -o myapp
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```
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---
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## 🔬 Technical Specification
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PIKTURE is a binary format. All multi-byte integers in the header are stored in **Big-Endian** format.
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### 1. File Header (11 Bytes)
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| Offset | Size | Type | Description |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| `0x00` | 4 bytes | `char[4]` | Magic bytes: `"PIK!"` |
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| `0x04` | 1 byte | `uint8_t` | Version number (Currently `101`) |
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| `0x05` | 2 bytes | `uint16_t` | Image Width |
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| `0x07` | 2 bytes | `uint16_t` | Image Height |
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| `0x09` | 1 byte | `uint8_t` | Bit Depth (Currently `32` for RGBA) |
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| `0x0A` | 1 byte | `uint8_t` | Endianness flag (`0` = Little, `1` = Big) |
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### 2. Byte-Stream Protocol
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Immediately following the header is the compressed pixel data payload. PIKTURE uses a custom command-byte protocol combined with a 64-color Least Recently Used (LRU) cache:
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* `0x00 - 0x3F` (**INDEX**): Fetch the exact pixel from the 64-color LRU cache.
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* `0x40 - 0x7F` (**DIFF**): Apply small RGB deltas (differences from the previous pixel).
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* `0x80 - 0xBF` (**LUMA**): Apply green-relative color deltas (highly efficient for gradients).
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* `0xC0 - 0xFD` (**RUN**): Repeat the exact same previous pixel `N` times (Run-Length Encoding).
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* `0xFE` (**RGB**): Full 24-bit color change (Alpha remains unchanged). Followed by 3 bytes (R, G, B).
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* `0xFF` (**RGBA**): Full 32-bit color change. Followed by 4 bytes (R, G, B, A).
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---
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## 📜 License
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This project is licensed under the **MIT License**. Free to use, modify, and distribute for personal and commercial purposes.
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